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• Comparing and contrasting in an essay | Tips & examples

Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay | Tips & Examples

Published on August 6, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

Comparing and contrasting is an important skill in academic writing . It involves taking two or more subjects and analyzing the differences and similarities between them.

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Table of contents

When should i compare and contrast, making effective comparisons, comparing and contrasting as a brainstorming tool, structuring your comparisons, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about comparing and contrasting.

Many assignments will invite you to make comparisons quite explicitly, as in these prompts.

• Compare the treatment of the theme of beauty in the poetry of William Wordsworth and John Keats.
• Compare and contrast in-class and distance learning. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?

Some other prompts may not directly ask you to compare and contrast, but present you with a topic where comparing and contrasting could be a good approach.

One way to approach this essay might be to contrast the situation before the Great Depression with the situation during it, to highlight how large a difference it made.

Comparing and contrasting is also used in all kinds of academic contexts where it’s not explicitly prompted. For example, a literature review involves comparing and contrasting different studies on your topic, and an argumentative essay may involve weighing up the pros and cons of different arguments.

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As the name suggests, comparing and contrasting is about identifying both similarities and differences. You might focus on contrasting quite different subjects or comparing subjects with a lot in common—but there must be some grounds for comparison in the first place.

For example, you might contrast French society before and after the French Revolution; you’d likely find many differences, but there would be a valid basis for comparison. However, if you contrasted pre-revolutionary France with Han-dynasty China, your reader might wonder why you chose to compare these two societies.

This is why it’s important to clarify the point of your comparisons by writing a focused thesis statement . Every element of an essay should serve your central argument in some way. Consider what you’re trying to accomplish with any comparisons you make, and be sure to make this clear to the reader.

Comparing and contrasting can be a useful tool to help organize your thoughts before you begin writing any type of academic text. You might use it to compare different theories and approaches you’ve encountered in your preliminary research, for example.

Let’s say your research involves the competing psychological approaches of behaviorism and cognitive psychology. You might make a table to summarize the key differences between them.

Or say you’re writing about the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. You might visualize the key similarities and differences in a Venn diagram.

These visualizations wouldn’t make it into your actual writing, so they don’t have to be very formal in terms of phrasing or presentation. The point of comparing and contrasting at this stage is to help you organize and shape your ideas to aid you in structuring your arguments.

When comparing and contrasting in an essay, there are two main ways to structure your comparisons: the alternating method and the block method.

The alternating method

In the alternating method, you structure your text according to what aspect you’re comparing. You cover both your subjects side by side in terms of a specific point of comparison. Your text is structured like this:

Mouse over the example paragraph below to see how this approach works.

One challenge teachers face is identifying and assisting students who are struggling without disrupting the rest of the class. In a traditional classroom environment, the teacher can easily identify when a student is struggling based on their demeanor in class or simply by regularly checking on students during exercises. They can then offer assistance quietly during the exercise or discuss it further after class. Meanwhile, in a Zoom-based class, the lack of physical presence makes it more difficult to pay attention to individual students’ responses and notice frustrations, and there is less flexibility to speak with students privately to offer assistance. In this case, therefore, the traditional classroom environment holds the advantage, although it appears likely that aiding students in a virtual classroom environment will become easier as the technology, and teachers’ familiarity with it, improves.

The block method

In the block method, you cover each of the overall subjects you’re comparing in a block. You say everything you have to say about your first subject, then discuss your second subject, making comparisons and contrasts back to the things you’ve already said about the first. Your text is structured like this:

• Point of comparison A
• Point of comparison B

The most commonly cited advantage of distance learning is the flexibility and accessibility it offers. Rather than being required to travel to a specific location every week (and to live near enough to feasibly do so), students can participate from anywhere with an internet connection. This allows not only for a wider geographical spread of students but for the possibility of studying while travelling. However, distance learning presents its own accessibility challenges; not all students have a stable internet connection and a computer or other device with which to participate in online classes, and less technologically literate students and teachers may struggle with the technical aspects of class participation. Furthermore, discomfort and distractions can hinder an individual student’s ability to engage with the class from home, creating divergent learning experiences for different students. Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

Note that these two methods can be combined; these two example paragraphs could both be part of the same essay, but it’s wise to use an essay outline to plan out which approach you’re taking in each paragraph.

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Some essay prompts include the keywords “compare” and/or “contrast.” In these cases, an essay structured around comparing and contrasting is the appropriate response.

Comparing and contrasting is also a useful approach in all kinds of academic writing : You might compare different studies in a literature review , weigh up different arguments in an argumentative essay , or consider different theoretical approaches in a theoretical framework .

Your subjects might be very different or quite similar, but it’s important that there be meaningful grounds for comparison . You can probably describe many differences between a cat and a bicycle, but there isn’t really any connection between them to justify the comparison.

You’ll have to write a thesis statement explaining the central point you want to make in your essay , so be sure to know in advance what connects your subjects and makes them worth comparing.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

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Comparing and Contrasting: A Guide to Improve Your Essays

By Walter Akolo

Essays that require you to compare and contrast two or more subjects, ideas, places, or items are common.

They call for you to highlight the key similarities (compare) and differences (contrast) between them.

This guide contains all the information you need to become better at writing comparing and contrasting essays.

This includes: how to structure your essay, how to decide on the content, and some examples of essay questions.

Let’s dive in.

What Is Comparing and Contrasting?

Is compare and contrast the same as similarities and differences, what is the purpose of comparing and contrasting, can you compare and contrast any two items, how do you compare and contrast in writing, what are some comparing and contrasting techniques, how do you compare and contrast in college level writing, the four essentials of compare and contrast essays, what can you learn from a compare and contrast essay.

At their most basic, both comparing and contrasting base their evaluation on two or more subjects that share a connection.

The subjects could have similar characteristics, features, or foundations.

But while a comparison discusses the similarities of the two subjects, e.g. a banana and a watermelon are both fruit, contrasting highlights how the subjects or items differ from each other, e.g. a watermelon is around 10 times larger than a banana.

Any question that you are asked in education will have a variety of interesting comparisons and deductions that you can make.

Compare is the same as similarities.

Contrast is the same as differences.

This is because comparing identifies the likeness between two subjects, items, or categories, while contrasting recognizes disparities between them.

When you compare things, you represent them regarding their similarity, but when you contrast things, you define them in reference to their differences.

As a result, if you are asked to discuss the similarities and differences between two subjects, you can take an identical approach to if you are writing a compare and contrast essay.

In writing, the purpose of comparing and contrasting is to highlight subtle but important differences or similarities that might not be immediately obvious.

By illustrating the differences between elements in a similar category, you help heighten readers’ understanding of the subject or topic of discussion.

For instance, you might choose to compare and contrast red wine and white wine by pointing out the subtle differences. One of these differences is that red wine is best served at room temperature while white is best served chilled.

Also, comparing and contrasting helps to make abstract ideas more definite and minimizes the confusion that might exist between two related concepts.

Can Comparing and Contrasting Be Useful Outside of Academia?

Comparing enables you to see the pros and cons, allowing you to have a better understanding of the things under discussion. In an essay, this helps you demonstrate that you understand the nuances of your topic enough to draw meaningful conclusions from them.

Let's use a real-word example to see the benefits. Imagine you're contrasting two dresses you could buy. You might think:

• Dress A is purple, my favorite color, but it has a difficult zip and is practically impossible to match a jacket to.
• Dress B is more expensive but I already have a suitable pair of shoes and jacket and it is easier to move in.

You're linking the qualities of each dress to the context of the decision you're making. This is the same for your essay. Your comparison and contrast points will be in relation to the question you need to answer.

Comparing and contrasting is only a useful technique when applied to two related concepts.

To effectively compare two or more things, they must feature characteristics similar enough to warrant comparison.

In addition to this they must also feature a similarity that generates an interesting discussion. But what do I mean by “interesting” here?

Let’s look at two concepts, the Magna Carta and my third grade poetry competition entry.

They are both text, written on paper by a person so they fulfil the first requirement, they have a similarity. But this comparison clearly would not fulfil the second requirement, you would not be able to draw any interesting conclusions.

However, if we compare the Magna Carta to the Bill of Rights, you would be able to come to some very interesting conclusions concerning the history of world politics.

To write a good compare and contrast essay, it’s best to pick two or more topics that share a meaningful connection .

The aim of the essay would be to show the subtle differences or unforeseen similarities.

By highlighting the distinctions between elements in a similar category you can increase your readers’ understanding.

Alternatively, you could choose to focus on a comparison between two subjects that initially appear unrelated.

The more dissimilar they seem, the more interesting the comparison essay will turn out.

For instance, you could compare and contrast professional rugby players with marathon runners.

Can You Compare and Contrast in an Essay That Does Not Specifically Require It?

As a writer, you can employ comparing and contrasting techniques in your writing, particularly when looking for ideas you can later apply in your argument.

You can do this even when the comparison or contrast is not a requirement for the topic or argument you are presenting. Doing so could enable you to build your evaluation and develop a stronger argument.

Note that the similarities and differences you come up with might not even show up in the final draft.

While the use of compare and contrast can be neutral, you can also use it to highlight one option under discussion. When used this way, you can influence the perceived advantages of your preferred option.

As a writing style, comparing and contrasting can encompass an entire essay. However, it could also appear in some select paragraphs within the essay, where making some comparisons serves to better illustrate a point.

What Should You Do First?

Before you compare two things, always start by deciding on the reason for your comparison, then outline the criteria you will use to compare them.

Words and phrases commonly used for comparison include:

In writing, these words and phrases are called transitions . They help readers to understand or make the connection between sentences, paragraphs, and ideas.

Without transition words writing can feel clumsy and disjointed making it difficult to read. ProWritingAid’s transition report highlights all of a documents transitions and suggests that 25% of any sentences in a piece include a transition.

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So, how do you form all of this into a coherent essay? It's a good idea to plan first, then decide what your paragraph layout will look like.

Venn diagrams are useful tool to start generating ideas. The, for your essay, you need to choose between going idea by idea and going point by point.

Using a Venn Diagram

A Venn diagram helps you to clearly see the similarities and differences between multiple objects, things, or subjects.

The writing tool comprises two, or more, simple, overlapping circles in which you list down the things that are alike (within the overlapping area) and those that differ (outside the overlapping area).

It’s great for brainstorming ideas and for creating your essay’s outline. You could even use it in an exam setting because it is quick and simple.

Going Subject by Subject

Going subject by subject is a structural choice for your essay.

Start by saying all you have to say on the first subject, then proceed to do the same about the second subject.

Depending on the length of your essay, you can fit the points about each subject into one paragraph or have several sections per each subject, ending with a conclusion.

This method is best for short essays on simple topics. Most university-level essays will go point by point instead.

Going Point by Point

Going point by point, or alternating, is the opposite essay structure from going subject by subject. This is ideal when you want to do more direct comparing and contrasting. It entails discussing one comparison point at a time. It allows you to use a paragraph to talk about how a certain comparing/contrasting point relates to the subjects or items you are discussing.

Alternatively, if you have lots of details about the subject, you might decide to use a paragraph for each point.

An academic compare and contrast essay looks at two or more subjects, ideas, people, or objects, compares their likeness, and contrasts their differences.

It’s an informative essay that provides insights on what is similar and different between the two items.

Depending on the essay’s instructions, you can focus solely on comparing or contrasting, or a combination of the two.

Examples of College Level Compare and Contrast Essay Questions

Here are eleven examples of compare and contrast essay questions that you might encounter at university:

• Archaeology: Compare and contrast the skulls of homo habilis, homo erectus, and homo sapiens.
• Art: Compare and contrast the working styles of any two Neoclassic artists.
• Astrophysics: Compare and contrast the chemical composition of Venus and Neptune.
• Biology: Compare and contrast the theories of Lamarck and Darwin.
• Business: Compare and contrast 2 or more business models within the agricultural industry.
• Creative writing: Compare and contrast free indirect discourse with epistolary styles.
• English Literature: Compare and contrast William Wordsworth with Robert Browning.
• Geography: Compare and contrast the benefit of solar panels with the benefit of wind turbines.
• History: Compare and contrast WWI to WWII with specific reference to the causes and outcomes.
• Medicine: Compare and contrast England’s health service with America’s health service.
• Psychology: Compare and contrast the behaviorist theory with the psychodynamic theory.

So, the key takeaways to keep in mind are:

Have a basis for comparison. The two things need to have enough in common to justify a discussion about their similarities and disparities.

Don’t go back and forth when using the block method. The best way to write your essay is to begin with a paragraph discussing all the facets of the first topic. Then, move on to another paragraph and talk through all the aspects of the second subject.

You can use both alternating and blocking techniques. Combining the two approaches is also an option. You can apply the alternating method in some paragraphs, then switch and use the block method. This method will help you offer a much deeper analysis of the subjects.

Have a reason for comparing the two things. Only select the points of comparison that resonate with your purpose.

Comparing and contrasting are essential analytical skills in academic writing. When your professor issues you with such an essay, their primary goal is to teach you how to:

• Engage in critical thinking
• See and make connections between words or ideas
• Move beyond mere descriptions or summaries to developing interesting analysis
• Get a deeper understanding of the subjects or items under comparison, their key features, and their interrelationships with each other.

Ultimately, your essay should enlighten readers by providing useful information.

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Walter Akolo

Walter Akolo is a freelance writer, internet marketer, trainer, and blogger for hire. He loves helping businesses increase their reach and conversion through excellent and engaging content. He has gotten millions of pageviews on his blog, FreelancerKenya, where he mentors writers. Check out his website walterakolo.com.

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Writing a Compare and Contrast Essay: A Complete Guide

Compare and contrast essay is an academic text that encourages authors to take a look at the differences between two or more subjects. Read this article to find out how to write a comparative essay for your assignment.

What is a compare and contrast essay?

As the name suggests, compare and contrast papers aim to provide two main perspectives on separate subjects by finding their similarities and dissecting their differences.

Oftentimes, the purpose of compare and contrast essays is to present one subject as a more favorable option. But it can also be used in analytical essay writing to showcase how two subjects are related to each other and help the audience better understand the concepts.

Compare and contrast essay outline

The comparative essay outline is not much different than other academic essays in terms of the outline. The compare and contrast essay outline includes:

• Introduction , which contains a compare and contrast thesis statement;
• Body of the essay , which presents the comparisons of two or more subjects of an essay;
• Conclusion , which summarizes the line of reasoning used in the essay.

The main difference between other types of academic essays and compare and contrast essays is their structure. Let’s explore this in more detail.

Compare and contrast essay structure

The compare and contrast essay structure depends on your approach to comparing the paper subject. There are three main ways to structure your essay: the point-by-point method, the block method, and the similarities vs. differences method.

The point-by-point method: compare and contrast essay

This method involves dedicating each paragraph to a specific point and comparing all subjects related to it. This structure helps to highlight the correlation between the subjects in each important aspect or the differences between them.

For instance, if you compare planes and trains, your comparative essay could include the following paragraphs:

• Time : how long it takes to get to the destination by plane and by train;
• Environmental impact : what impact trains and planes have on the environment;
• Costs : how expensive it is to travel by train and by plane.

This helps your readers instantly understand the similarities and differences between the subjects.

The block method: compare and contrast essay

Another popular approach to structuring the line of argument is the block method. Compare and contrast essays aim to give an overview of resemblances and distinctions between subjects. Unlike the previous approach, the block method in comparative essays allows the author to give a full overview of all subjects separately.

The block method requires you to present all the information about one subject before moving on to the next. While each block discusses one subject comprehensively, you can still compare and contrast within each paragraph or section where relevant. Here is an example of a compare and contrast essay structure:

• Block 1 : a detailed analysis of the first subject, its features, advantages, and disadvantages;
• Block 2: a detailed analysis of the second subject + brief overview of the similarities and differences between both topics of discussion.

This structure provides more clarity and allows for a detailed analysis of each subject independently.

Similarities vs. differences method: compare and contrast essay

This method focuses on specifically highlighting the differences and similarities between the subjects. Unlike the previously discussed approaches, this method dedicates separate paragraphs to either similarities or differences, depending on the writer's choice. According to the similarities vs. differences method, the compare and contrast essay structure would look like this:

• Similarities : discuss similarities between the subjects, and provide details and examples of how these similarities manifest;
• Differences : provide an overview of the main differences between subjects, compare how these differences manifest, and what they mean in the broader contest.

This method helps the author to conduct a thorough analysis of shared characteristics or contrasting features, which improves the reader's understanding of the relationships between the subjects.

How to write a comparative essay: tips and tricks

While the compare and contrast essay outline may seem familiar, this essay type requires a different approach to preparation and writing. Let’s explore the main steps for writing a perfect comparative essay.

Step 1. Gather your information

To provide a comprehensive analysis of several topics, you must conduct thorough research on them both. You need to make sure that the subjects have common aspects so that the comparison makes sense.

For example, it is perfectly fine to compare and contrast dogs and cats. But trying to compare cats and sharks would prove difficult since both species have little similarities.

Step 2. Create an outline

Making a plan for your future essay is important. It will help you stay on course and not forget about important details. To make a compare and contrast essay outline, you should choose the structure method that you want to use, and base your plan on it.

Step 3. Write an introduction

The first step to solving the issue of how to start a compare and contrast essay is writing an introduction. The introduction helps to engage your audience and grab their attention. It should consist of the following elements:

• Hook. A hook is a sentence whose purpose is to grab the attention of the audience. It can be a quote, a rhetorical question, and other stylistic devices.
• Background information . This part introduces the topic of your analysis and helps your audience to learn a bit more about the context.
• Thesis statement . The compare and contrast thesis statement should clearly state whether you will be focusing on similarities, differences, or both, and why this comparison is significant. This gives your reader a hint for what to expect in the essay.

By following this plan, you can set the stage for a thoughtful and coherent comparison of your chosen subjects.

Step 4. Write the body of the essay

The body of your comparative essay should follow one of the previously described structures. You have the option to choose between the point-by-point method, the block method, and the similarities vs. differences method.

Depending on your choice, each paragraph of your essay will be dedicated to a specific topic. Make sure to start each paragraph with a short introduction, followed by a concise explanation of the similarities and differences between the subjects.

Always use transitional words and phrases like similarly , on the other hand , in contrast to guide the reader through your comparisons and contrasts. These transitions help maintain coherence and clarity in your essay.

Step 5. End your essay with a conclusion

The conclusion of your essay should summarize the key points discussed in your paper to reinforce your thesis. Make sure to briefly recap the similarities and differences you discussed in the body paragraphs. Conclude your essay by emphasizing the importance of the comparison.

Summary: How to write a comparative essay

Writing a comparative essay involves analyzing similarities and differences between two or more subjects, providing clear insights into their relationships and significance. With this handy guide, you now know how to create a comprehensive compare and contrast essay for your studies.

If you have trouble with how to start a compare and contrast essay, you can use essay generator Aithor for assistance. Aithor is a state-of-the-art AI generator created specifically to help with academic writing. Try essay generator Aithor and create a perfect compare and contrast essay right now!

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How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay

Last Updated: May 12, 2023 Approved

This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article has 29 testimonials from our readers, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 3,107,470 times.

The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to analyze the differences and/or the similarities of two distinct subjects. A good compare/contrast essay doesn’t only point out how the subjects are similar or different (or even both!). It uses those points to make a meaningful argument about the subjects. While it can be a little intimidating to approach this type of essay at first, with a little work and practice, you can write a great compare-and-contrast essay!

Formulating Your Argument

• You could pick two subjects that are in the same “category” but have differences that are significant in some way. For example, you could choose “homemade pizza vs. frozen grocery store pizza.”
• You could pick two subjects that don’t appear to have anything in common but that have a surprising similarity. For example, you could choose to compare bats and whales. (One is tiny and flies, and the other is huge and swims, but they both use sonar to hunt.)
• You could pick two subjects that might appear to be the same but are actually different. For example, you could choose "The Hunger Games movie vs. the book."

• For example, ask yourself: What can we learn by thinking about “The Hunger Games” and “Battle Royale” together that we would miss out on if we thought about them separately?
• It can be helpful to consider the “So what?” question when deciding whether your subjects have meaningful comparisons and contrasts to be made. If you say “The Hunger Games and Battle Royale are both similar and different,” and your friend asked you “So what?” what would your answer be? In other words, why bother putting these two things together?

• A “Venn diagram” can often be helpful when brainstorming. This set of overlapping circles can help you visualize where your subjects are similar and where they differ. In the outer edges of the circle, you write what is different; in the overlapping middle area, you write what’s similar. [2] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
• You can also just draw out a list of all of the qualities or characteristics of each subject. Once you’ve done that, start looking through the list for traits that both subjects share. Major points of difference are also good to note.

• For example, if you are comparing and contrasting cats and dogs, you might notice that both are common household pets, fairly easy to adopt, and don’t usually have many special care needs. These are points of comparison (ways they are similar).
• You might also note that cats are usually more independent than dogs, that dogs may not provoke allergies as much as cats do, and that cats don’t get as big as many dogs do. These are points of contrast (ways they are different).
• These points of contrast can often be good places to start thinking about your thesis, or argument. Do these differences make one animal a superior type of pet? Or a better pet choice for a specific living situation (e.g., an apartment, a farm, etc.)?

• Show readers why one subject is more desirable than the other. Example: "Cats are better pets than dogs because they require less maintenance, are more independent, and are more adaptable."
• Help readers make a meaningful comparison between two subjects. Example: "New York City and San Francisco are both great cities for young professionals, but they differ in terms of their job opportunities, social environment, and living conditions."
• Show readers how two subjects are similar and different. Example: "While both The Catcher in the Rye and To Kill a Mockingbird explore the themes of loss of innocence and the deep bond between siblings, To Kill a Mockingbird is more concerned with racism while The Catcher in the Rye focuses on the prejudices of class."
• In middle school and high school, the standard format for essays is often the “5-paragraph form,” with an introduction, 3 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. If your teacher recommends this form, go for it. However, you should be aware that especially in college, teachers and professors tend to want students to break out of this limited mode. Don’t get so locked into having “three main points” that you forget to fully explore your topic.

Organizing Your Essay

• Subject by subject. This organization deals with all of the points about Topic A, then all of the points of Topic B. For example, you could discuss all your points about frozen pizza (in as many paragraphs as necessary), then all your points about homemade pizza. The strength of this form is that you don’t jump back and forth as much between topics, which can help your essay read more smoothly. It can also be helpful if you are using one subject as a “lens” through which to examine the other. The major disadvantage is that the comparisons and contrasts don’t really become evident until much further into the essay, and it can end up reading like a list of “points” rather than a cohesive essay. [4] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
• Point by point. This type of organization switches back and forth between points. For example, you could first discuss the prices of frozen pizza vs. homemade pizza, then the quality of ingredients, then the convenience factor. The advantage of this form is that it’s very clear what you’re comparing and contrasting. The disadvantage is that you do switch back and forth between topics, so you need to make sure that you use transitions and signposts to lead your reader through your argument.
• Compare then contrast. This organization presents all the comparisons first, then all the contrasts. It’s a pretty common way of organizing an essay, and it can be helpful if you really want to emphasize how your subjects are different. Putting the contrasts last places the emphasis on them. However, it can be more difficult for your readers to immediately see why these two subjects are being contrasted if all the similarities are first.

• Introduction. This paragraph comes first and presents the basic information about the subjects to be compared and contrasted. It should present your thesis and the direction of your essay (i.e., what you will discuss and why your readers should care).
• Body Paragraphs. These are the meat of your essay, where you provide the details and evidence that support your claims. Each different section or body paragraph should tackle a different division of proof. It should provide and analyze evidence in order to connect those proofs to your thesis and support your thesis. Many middle-school and high-school essays may only require three body paragraphs, but use as many as is necessary to fully convey your argument.
• Acknowledgement of Competitive Arguments/Concession. This paragraph acknowledges that other counter-arguments exist, but discusses how those arguments are flawed or do not apply.
• Conclusion. This paragraph summarizes the evidence presented. It will restate the thesis, but usually in a way that offers more information or sophistication than the introduction could. Remember: your audience now has all the information you gave them about why your argument is solid. They don’t need you to just reword your original thesis. Take it to the next level!

• Introduction: state your intent to discuss the differences between camping in the woods or on the beach.
• Body Paragraph 1 (Woods): Climate/Weather
• Body Paragraph 2 (Woods): Types of Activities and Facilities
• Body Paragraph 3 (Beach): Climate/Weather
• Body Paragraph 4 (Beach): Types of Activities and Facilities

Introduction

• Body Paragraph 1: Similarity between woods and beaches (both are places with a wide variety of things to do)
• Body Paragraph 2: First difference between woods and beaches (they have different climates)
• Body Paragraph 3: Second difference between woods and beaches (there are more easily accessible woods than beaches in most parts of the country)
• Body Paragraph 4: Emphasis on the superiority of the woods to the beach

• Topic sentence: This sentence introduces the main idea and subject of the paragraph. It can also provide a transition from the ideas in the previous paragraph.
• Body: These sentences provide concrete evidence that support the topic sentence and main idea.
• Conclusion: this sentence wraps up the ideas in the paragraph. It may also provide a link to the next paragraph’s ideas.

Putting It All Together

• If you are having trouble finding evidence to support your argument, go back to your original texts and try the brainstorming process again. It could be that your argument is evolving past where it started, which is good! You just need to go back and look for further evidence.

• For example, in a body paragraph about the quality of ingredients in frozen vs. homemade pizza, you could close with an assertion like this: “Because you actively control the quality of the ingredients in pizza you make at home, it can be healthier for you than frozen pizza. It can also let you express your imagination. Pineapple and peanut butter pizza? Go for it! Pickles and parmesan? Do it! Using your own ingredients lets you have fun with your food.” This type of comment helps your reader understand why the ability to choose your own ingredients makes homemade pizza better.

• Reading your essay aloud can also help you find problem spots. Often, when you’re writing you get so used to what you meant to say that you don’t read what you actually said.

• Avoid bias. Don't use overly negative or defamatory language to show why a subject is unfavorable; use solid evidence to prove your points instead.
• Avoid first-person pronouns unless told otherwise. In some cases, your teacher may encourage you to use “I” and “you” in your essay. However, if the assignment or your teacher doesn’t mention it, stick with third-person instead, like “one may see” or “people may enjoy.” This is common practice for formal academic essays.
• Proofread! Spelling and punctuation errors happen to everyone, but not catching them can make you seem lazy. Go over your essay carefully, and ask a friend to help if you’re not confident in your own proofreading skills.

Sample Body Paragraphs

• "When one is deciding whether to go to the beach or the woods, the type of activities that each location offers are an important point to consider. At the beach, one can enjoy the water by swimming, surfing, or even building a sandcastle with a moat that will fill with water. When one is in the woods, one may be able to go fishing or swimming in a nearby lake, or one may not be near water at all. At the beach, one can keep one's kids entertained by burying them in sand or kicking around a soccer ball; if one is in the woods, one can entertain one's kids by showing them different plans or animals. Both the beach and the woods offer a variety of activities for adults and kids alike."

• "The beach has a wonderful climate, many activities, and great facilities for any visitor's everyday use. If a person goes to the beach during the right day or time of year, he or she can enjoy warm, yet refreshing water, a cool breeze, and a relatively hot climate. At the beach, one can go swimming, sunbathe, or build sandcastles. There are also great facilities at the beach, such as a changing room, umbrellas, and conveniently-located restaurants and changing facilities. The climate, activities, and facilities are important points to consider when deciding between the beach and the woods."

Sample Essay Outline

Community Q&A

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• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/comparing-and-contrasting/
• ↑ http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/compcontrast/

About This Article

To write a compare and contrast essay, try organizing your essay so you're comparing and contrasting one aspect of your subjects in each paragraph. Or, if you don't want to jump back and forth between subjects, structure your essay so the first half is about one subject and the second half is about the other. You could also write your essay so the first few paragraphs introduce all of the comparisons and the last few paragraphs introduce all of the contrasts, which can help emphasize your subjects' differences and similarities. To learn how to choose subjects to compare and come up with a thesis statement, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Essay Ne Demek [17 Essay Türünü Detaylı Açıkladık]

İçindekiler

• 1 Essay Nedir?
• 2.1 Narrative Essay Ne Demek? Narrative Essay Nedir?
• 2.2 Descriptive Essay Ne Demek? Descriptive Essay Nedir?
• 2.3 Classification Essay Ne Demek? Classification Essay Nedir? 
• 2.4 Illustration Essay Ne Demek? Example Essay Nedir? 
• 2.5 Reflective Essay Ne Demek? Reflective Essay Nedir? 
• 2.6 Process Essay Ne Demek? Process Essay Nedir? 
• 2.7 Definition Essay Ne Demek? Definition Essay Nedir? 
• 2.8 Expository Essay Ne Demek? Expository Essay Nedir?
• 2.9 Persuasive Essay Ne Demek? Persuasive Essay Nedir?
• 2.10 Argumentative Essay Ne Demek? Argumentative Essay Nedir?
• 2.11 Opinion Essay Ne Demek? Opinion Essay Nedir? 
• 2.12 Critical Essay Ne Demek? Critical Essay Nedir? 
• 2.13 Cause and Effect Essay Ne Demek? Cause and Effect Essay Nedir? 
• 2.14 Problem Solution Essay Ne Demek? Problem Solution Essay Nedir? 
• 2.15 Compare and Contrast Essay Ne Demek? Compare and Contrast Essay Nedir? 
• 2.16 Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Ne Demek? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Nedir?
• 2.17 Admission Essay Ne Demek? Admission Essay Nedir? 
• 3.1 Expository essay introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion gibi bölümlerden oluşur.
• 3.2 Introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion paragrafları arasında açık ve mantıklı geçişler olmalıdır.
• 3.3 Introduction paragrafından sonra body paragrafları gelir.
• 3.4 Essay yazarken kanıt sunmak önemlidir. 
• 3.5 Biraz yaratıcı olun.
• 3.6 Son olarak, expository essay’i sonlandıran bir conclusion paragrafı yazmalıyız.
• 4.1 Essay nedir?
• 4.2 Expository essay nedir?
• 4.3 Persuasive essay nedir?
• 4.4 Argumentative essay nedir?
• 4.5 Descriptive essay nedir?
• 4.6 Narrative essay nedir?

Essay Nedir?

Essay, bir fikri anlatmak ve bunları kendi sözlerinizle açıklamak için yazılan ve Türkçe’de makale diye karşılık bulan bir yazı parçasıdır. Essay, genellikle, belirli bir sorunu veya soruyu ele almak için fikirleri, kanıtları ve argümanları bir araya getiren bir şekilde yazılır.

Essay, belirli bir yapıda yazılır: Girişte, yani introduction paragrafında, argümanınızı ortaya koyarsınız; ana gövde paragraflarında (yani body paragraflarında) argümanınızı oluşturur ve sunarsınız; ve sonuç paragrafında (yani conclusion paragrafında) thesis statement ile ve argümanınızla essay yazmayı bitirirsiniz.

Essay ne demek, essay nedir, essay nasıl yazılır gibi konularda danışmanlık almak isterseniz sağ altta bulunan mesaj bölümünden, iletişim kısmından ya da [email protected] ’dan bize ulaşabilirsiniz. Essay yazmak istiyorsanız, Essay Sepeti’nin uzman hocalarının sizler için hazırladığı ve essay yazmayı çok kolaylaştıracak essay nasıl yazılır outline PDF’sini ücretsiz indirip siz de essay yazabilirsiniz.

Essay ne demek? Essay nedir?

Essay’lerin tamamlanması zaman alır. Bu zaman boyunca da essay’ler, aşağıdaki yazım aşamalarından geçerler.

• Soru hakkında düşünmek (brainstorm yapmak)
• Konu hakkında araştırmalardan bilgi ve fikir toplamak (background information toplamak)
• Fikirlerinizi organize etmek (essay için bir structure oluşturmak)
• Konu hakkında notlar almak
• İlk taslağı yazmak (outline yazmak)
• Hocanızdan aldığınız feedback ile düzeltmeler yapmak
• Son olarak ise, essay yazmak

Essay Türleri

Essay türleri, yazarın okuyucusuna iletmek istediği şeye bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterir. Essay ne demek diye merak eden bir kişinin bu türleri bilmesi gerekir. Genel olarak dört tür makale vardır ve bunlar da aşağıdaki ilk dört makale türü olarak verilmiştir. Ama bunun yanı sıra ondan fazla çokça bilinen ve yaygın olarak kullanılan makale türleri de vardır. Bunlar şu şekildedir:

Narrative Essay Ne Demek? Narrative Essay Nedir?

Narrative essay, yazarın essay yoluyla bir olayı veya hikayeyi anlattığı akademik makale türüdür. Narrative essay, öyküsünü birinci şahıs ile anlatılır. Narrative essay yazarken amaç, okuyucuyu olay anında oradaymış gibi makaleye dahil etmektir. Bu yüzden olanlar mümkün olduğunca canlı ve gerçek bir şekilde anlatılmalıdır. Bunu mümkün kılmanın bir yolu, “göster, söyleme” ilkesini takip etmektir. Bu yüzden okuyucuyu hikayeye dahil etmelisiniz.

Essay ne demek diye merak eden birinin görebileceği ilk essay türlerinden biri narrative essay türüdür. Deneyimsiz kişiler tarafından yazılması da kolaydır.

Descriptive Essay Ne Demek? Descriptive  Essay Nedir?

Descriptive essay bir yeri, bir nesneyi, bir olayı ya da belki bir anıyı betimleyen akademik makale türüdür. Ama yazar, sadece olayları açık bir şekilde anlatmakla kalmamalıdır. Yazar, sözleriyle bir resim çizmelidir. Bunu yapmanın akıllıca bir yolu, okuyucunun duyularını uyandırmaktır. Yazar, sadece görmeye duyusuna hitap etmemelidir; aynı zamanda diğer koku, dokunma, ses vb. duyuları da dahil etmelidir.

İyi yazıldığında, descriptive essay, okuyucuya yazarın o anda ne hissettiği etkili bir şekilde anlatır.

Classification Essay Ne Demek? Classification Essay Nedir? 

Classification essay, ortak özelliklere sahip fikirleri, karakterleri veya nesneleri belirli gruplar veya kategoriler halinde sınıflandıran akademik bir makale türüdür.

Yazar, classification essay yazarken şeyi kategoriler halinde düzenlemeli ve her kategoride yer alan nesneler, olaylar veya kişiler hakkında örnekler vermelidir. Örneğin, bilgisayarlar hakkında bir classification essay yazmak istiyorsanız, body paragraflarınızın her biri farklı bir bilgisayar türünün özelliklerini ele almalıdır.

Başka bir deyişle, classification essay yazarken her grup kendine özgü tanımlayıcı özelliklere sahip olmalıdır. Bu nedenle, classification essay açıklamalar ve örnekleri destekleyici ayrıntılar ve kanıtlar kullanır. Açıklamalar, farklı özelliklerin tanımlanmasını sağlar. Örnekler, her kategorideki öğelerin veya üyelerin okuyucuya tanıtılmasında kullanılır. 

Illustration Essay Ne Demek? Example Essay Nedir? 

Illustration essay, bir konu hakkında örnekler vermek ve konuyu açıklamak için yazılan bir akademik makale türüdür. Illustration essay, exemplification essay olarak da bilinir. Illustration essay yazarken yazar, ampirik verileri derler ve konu ile ilgili olan tanımlara makalede yer verir.

Bu akademik makale türünde yazar yeni bir şeyi keşfetmez, sadece konuyu açıklığa kavuşturan örnekler vererek konu ile ilgili deneyimleri özetler. Bu örnekler, bir illustration essay’i iyi yapan kısımlardır.

Bu essay türünde yazar duygulara veya keşiflere odaklanmaz. Yazar, örnekleri bulgular ile açıklar. Bulguların bir örnekler silsilesi ile açıklanması zorunludur. 

Reflective Essay Ne Demek? Reflective Essay Nedir? 

Reflective essay, yazarın yaşamdaki deneyimlerini incelediği bir akademik makale türüdür. Yazar deneyimleri hakkında okuyucusunu bilgilendirir ve bu deneyimlerle nasıl değiştiğini, geliştiğini veya büyüdüğünü okuyucusuna aktarır.

Reflective essay formatı, okuyucunun kim olduğuna ve hangi derste yazıldığına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Örneğin, üniversitelerin hazırlık sınıflarında reflective essay, yazarın bir gününün nasıl geçtiğini ve o günde ne öğrendiğini içerirken akademik bir reflective essay derste öğrenilen bir konu üzerine karşılaştırmalar içerebilir.

Process Essay Ne Demek? Process Essay Nedir? 

“Nasıl yapılır” denemesi olarak da bilinen process essay, yazar tarafından bir süreci anlatmak için yazılan akademik bir makale türüdür. Process essay, okuyucun konuyu iyice kavraması için süreci adım adım ve açıkça anlatır.

Process essay, paragrafların adım adım bir mantık bütünü içerisinde ve birbirini tamamlayan bölümler halinde ilerlemesiyle yazılır. Process essay’de ilk adım ikinciyi etkiler, ikinci adım da üçüncüyü etkiler. Her adım kendinden bir önceki adımı daha ileriye götürür ve tüm süreç anlatılana kadar bu debam eder. Process essay yazarken özlü ve verimli kalmak önemlidir. Ancak process essay yazmaya başlamadan önce süreci iyice kavramalı ve yazmaya bundan sonra başlamalısınız.

Definition Essay Ne Demek? Definition Essay Nedir? 

Definition essay, okuyucuya bir terimi, fikri veya kavramı açıklamak için yazılan akademik bir makale türüdür. Definition essay tipik olarak expository essay şeklinde yazılır ve yazılan terimin hem tanımını hem de analizini içerir. 

Definition essay, bir terimi, kavramı veya fikri açıklamak için yazılır. Basit bir sözlük tanımıyla başlasanız da, makaleniz nihayetinde genişletilmiş bir tanım içerecektir.

Expository Essay Ne Demek?  Expository Essay Nedir?

Expository essay öğrencinin bir fikri araştırmalar sonucunda tarafsız olarak sunduğu akademik makale türüdür. Expository essay yazabilmek için yazarın konu hakkında gerçek ve kapsamlı bilgiye sahip olması gerekir. Expository bir essay türünde yazarın duygularına yer yoktur. Tamamen gerçeklere, istatistiklere, örneklere vb. dayanmalıdır.

Argumentative essay , cause and effect essay , contrast essay, opinion essay expository essay alt türleri olarak kabul edilirler. Bu türler hakkında çok basit bir dille yazılmış detaylı bilgileri adım adım öğrenmek için linklere tıklayabilirsiniz. Essay ne demek diye araştıran birinin ilk göreceği essay türü expository essay türüdür.

Expository essay nedir?

Persuasive essay ne demek persuasive essay nedir.

Persuasive essay, okuyucuyu ikna etmeyi amaçlayan akademik bir yazı parçasıdır. Persuasive essay, yalnızca gerçeklerin bir sunumu değil, okuyucuyu yazarın bakış açısına ikna etme girişimidir. Argümanın her iki tarafı da bu persuasive essay türünde sunulmalıdır. Ancak nihai amaç, okuyucuları yazarın argümanının daha doğru olduğuna ikna etmektir.

Persuasive essay nedir?

Argumentative essay ne demek argumentative essay nedir.

Argumentative essay, yazarın tartışmalı bir konuda tartışmanın bir tarafını seçerek seçtiği tarafı kanıtlarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla savunmasını amaç edinen akademik bir makale türüdür.

Argumentative essay yazan bir öğrenci, görüşmeler, anketler, gözlemler veya deneyler ile veri toplayıp bu bilgileri makalesinde kullanabilir. Bu ayrıntılı araştırma, öğrencinin konu hakkında bilgi edinmesine ve konuyla ilgili farklı bakış açılarını anlamasına olanak tanır, böylece bir öğrenci tartışmalı konuda savunacağı fikri seçebilir ve araştırma sırasında toplanan kanıtlarla bu fikri destekleyebilir. İlgili araştırmanın miktarı veya türü ne olursa olsun, argumentative essay net bir tez oluşturmalı ve sağlam bir mantık örgüsü ile desteklenmelidir.

Argumentative essay nedir?

Opinion essay ne demek opinion essay nedir .

Opinion essay, yazarın bir konu hakkındaki fikirlerini araştırmalar, örnekler ve kanıtlarla destekleyip okuyucusuna aktardığı akademik bir makale türüdür. Diğer essay türlerinden farklı olarak, opinion essay mutlak somut gerçeklere dayanması gerekmez; bunun yerine, yazarın görüşlerinin ikna edici argümanlarla destekleyebilmesi koşuluyla, yalnızca yazarın görüşüne dayanabilir.

Opinion essay, agree or disagree essay olarak da bilinir. Opinion essay herhangi bir konuda yazarın konu üzerindeki fikrini öğrenmek için üniversite hocaları tarafından talep edilebilir. Opinion essay üniversitelerde üzerine en çok essay yazılan akademik makale türlerinden biridir.

Critical Essay Ne Demek? Critical Essay Nedir? 

Critical essay, bir metni analiz eden, yorumlayan, eleştiren ve/veya değerlendiren bir akademik yazı biçimidir. Critical essay yazan bir yazar, ele aldığı metni belirli bir bakış açısı ile yorumlar ya da eleştirir. 

Critical essay, eleştirel okuma, eleştirel düşünme ve eleştirel yazma becerilerini birleştiren bir akademik makale türüdür. Critical essay’de yazar, bir edebiyat parçasını, bir akademik makaleyi veya bir sanat eserini ele alır ve yazarın veya sanatçının noktalarını eleştirel bir biçimde analiz eder. Bu tür bir essay, mantıksal akıl yürütme metotlarına bağlı kalarak ve destekleyici kanıtlar sunarak yazarın tezine, argümanına ve bakış açısına odaklanır ve bunları değerlendirir.

Cause and Effect Essay Ne Demek? Cause and Effect Essay Nedir? 

Cause and effect essay, iki konu arasındaki neden ve sebep ilişkilerini ele alan bir tartışmacı makale türüdür. Cause and effect essay türü, bir kişinin, durumun, fikrin veya olayın başka bir kişiyi, durumu, fikri veya olayı doğrudan nasıl etkilediğini gösterir.

Üniversitelerde, öğretmenler eleştirel düşünmeyi, sebep sonuç ilişkilerini açıklamayı ve ikna edici yazılar yazmayı öğretmek için cause and effect essay yazdırabilir. Cause and effect essay, bir laboratuvar raporu özeti, bilimsel bir vaka çalışması veya bilimsel bir araştırma makalesi şeklinde yazılabilir çünkü bunlar bir sürecin nasıl geliştiğini sebep ve sonuç ilişkisi açısından açıklayan makale türleridir. Tüm bu formatlarda, yazar bir olayı tanımlar, sebep ve sonuçlarını belirlemeye çalışır.

Problem Solution Essay Ne Demek? Problem Solution Essay Nedir? 

Problem solution essay, yazarın bir sorunu ele aldığı ve kanıtlarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla bu soruna bir çözüm aradığı akademik makale türüdür. Problem solution essay yazarken yazar günümüzde çokça gördüğümüz bir sorun üzerine makalesinde bir veya birden fazla çözümler üreterek bu sorunu etkili bir şekilde çözmeye çalışır.

Problem solution essay, belirli bir problemi ortaya koyan ve onu çözmenin farklı yollarını arayan akademik yazı parçalarıdır. Problem solution essay dört temel bileşenden oluşur: bir durum, sorun, çözümü ve çözümün değerlendirmesi. Durum genellikle girişin bir parçası olarak tanımlanırken, değerlendirme yazının son bölümünde sonuç paragrafında verilir. Problem solution essay, yapıları çok benzer olduğu için cause and effect essay türüne çok benzer.

Essay ne demek, essay nedir diye araştıran biri kendi sorununa çözüm aramaktadır. Bu problemin çözümü ise Essay Sepeti’dir 🙂

Compare and Contrast Essay Ne Demek? Compare and Contrast Essay Nedir? 

Compare and contrast essay, iki konu arasında karşılaştırma yapabilmemizi sağlayan bir akademik makale türüdür. Adından da anlaşıldığı gibi, compare and contrast essay, tartışılan konunun bazı yönlerden benzer, bazı yönlerden farklı olduğunu okuyucusuna göstermeyi amaçlar.

Compare and contrast essay, aynı makaledeki iki konuyu yan yana koyarak onları karşılaştırmanıza olanak tanır. Bu, tez cümlelerinin, konu cümlelerinin ve betimleyici detayların her iki konuyu da kapsaması gerektiği anlamına gelir.

Compare and contrast essay eleştirel düşünmeyi gerektirir. İyi bir compare and contrast essay yazmak için, verilen konular arasındaki ilişkiyi iyi bir şekilde analiz etmek ve savunduğunuz fikri kaynaklarla, örneklerle ve araştırmalarla desteklemeniz gerekir. İyi bir compare and contrast essay, güncel olaylar, tartışmalı fikirler, siyasi teoriler, seyahat yerleri veya ürünler hakkında bilgi verebilir.

Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Ne Demek? Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Nedir?

Advantages and disadvantages essay türü, yazarın belirli bir konunun olumlu ve olumsuz yanlarını ortaya koyduğu ve daha sonra da fikrini belirttiği akademik makale türüdür. Burada olumlu yanlar avantajları, olumsuz yanlar da dezavantajları sembolize eder.

Dezavantaj ve avantaj arasındaki fark şudur: dezavantaj zayıflık veya istenmeyen bir özellikler iken; avantajların, özellikle başarı için elverişli olan herhangi bir koşulu, durumu, fırsatı, aracı veya istenen herhangi bir amacı belirtir.

Admission Essay Ne Demek? Admission Essay Nedir? 

Bazen statement of purpose veya personal statement olarak da adlandırılan admission essay, genellikle üniversiteye veya yüksek lisansa başvuran aday öğrenci tarafından yazılmış bir akademik makale ve adayın okula başvuru beyanıdır. Admission essay, üniversite ve yüksek lisans kabul sürecinin önemli bir parçasıdır.

Bazı üniversitelere veya yüksek lisans programlarına başvurular, bir veya daha fazla admission essay’in yazılmasını gerektirebilirken, diğer üniversiteler veya yüksek lisans programları bu makaleleri isteğe bağlı veya tamamlayıcı olarak talep edebilir. Admission essay, çok spesifik konularda olabileceği gibi açık uçlu cevaplar halinde de talep edilebilir.

Essay Ne Demek – Essay Nasıl Yazılır?

Daha önce detaylı olarak anlattığımız essay nasıl yazılır konusu, kısaca okuyanların merakını gidermek için bu bölümde anlatılacaktır. İsteyenler essay nasıl yazılır makalemizi okuyup detaylı bir şekilde öğrenebilirler. Essay ne demek sorusunun cevabını öğrendikten sonra büyük ihtimalle sorularacak soru essay nasıl yazılır olacaktır. Bu bölümde expository essay nasıl yazılır kısaca değineceğiz. 

Expository essay, öğrencinin bir fikri araştırmasını, kanıtları değerlendirmesini, fikir üzerinde açıklama yapmasını ve bu fikirle ilgili bir argümanı açık ve özlü bir şekilde ortaya koymasını gerektiren bir deneme türüdür. Bu, karşılaştırma ve karşıtlık, tanım, örnek, neden-sonuç analizi vb. yoluyla gerçekleştirilebilir.

Expository essay introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion gibi bölümlerden oluşur.

Introduction paragrafı, essay’in ilk paragrafındır ve thesis statement ile son bulur. Thesis statement’ten önce konu hakkında kısaca bilgi verdiğimiz bir background information bölümünü de unutmamak gerekir. Thesis statement ise essay’de savunduğumuz fikrin bir özetidir.

Bu thesis statement’in, esssay’de belirtilen yönergeleri takip etmek için uygun şekilde daraltılması önemlidir. Öğrenci, essay’in bu bölümünde ustalaşmazsa, etkili veya ikna edici bir essay yazmak oldukça zor olacaktır. Thesis statement nasıl yazılır öğrenmek için tıklayabilirsiniz.

Introduction, body paragrafları ve conclusion paragrafları arasında açık ve mantıklı geçişler olmalıdır.

Geçişler yani transition’lar, essay’in temelini bir arada tutan harçtır. Düşüncenin mantıksal ilerlemesi olmadan, okuyucu essay’in argümanını takip edemez ve yapı çöker.

Introduction paragrafından sonra body paragrafları gelir.

Her body paragrafı bir genel fikrin açıklanmasıyla sınırlı olmalıdır. Bu, makale boyunca netlik ve yön sağlayacaktır. Dahası, bu kısalık, kişinin hedef kitlesi için bir okunabilirlik kolaylığı yaratır. Essay’in gövdesindeki (body’sindeki) her paragrafın, introduction paragrafındaki thesis statement ile mantıklı bir bağlantısı olması gerektiğini belirtmek önemlidir. Essay ne demek, essay nedir sorusundan sonra sıkça sorulan diğer bir sorunun yanıtı için İngilizce paragraf örnekleri makalemize tıklayabilirsiniz.

Essay yazarken kanıt sunmak önemlidir. 

Expository essay türleri, yani argumentative essay, cause and effect essay, opinion essay gibi essay türlerinde fikirlerimizi kanıtlara dayandırmak önemlidir. Kanıtlara dayanmayan fikirler akademik essay parçalarında yazılamazlar. Onun için okulunuzun database’lerinden fikirlerinizi savunan kanıtlar bulmanız önemlidir.

Biraz yaratıcı olun.

Yaratıcılık ve ustalık her zaman essay yazmakla ilişkilendirilmese de, yine de bir sanat biçimidir. Unutmayın, bir sonraki harika romanı hazırlamıyor olsanız da, essay’inizi değerlendiren öğretmenlerinizden iyi bir not almaya çalıştığınız için essay’inizde yaratı olmanız ve ilginç kanıtları bir araya getirmeniz önemlidir.

Son olarak, expository essay’i sonlandıran bir conclusion paragrafı yazmalıyız.

Thesis statement’imizi basitçe yeniden ifade edip, konu hakkında bulduğumuz ilgi çekici ve önemli kısımları yazıp essay’imizi bitirebiliriz.

Öğrencilerin kaçınılmaz olarak mücadele etmeye başlayacakları makalenin bu noktasındadır. Conclusion paragrafı, essay’in okuyucunun zihninde en hızlı izlenimi bırakacak kısmıdır. Bu nedenle, etkili ve mantıklı olmalıdır. Conclusion paragrafına yeni bir bilgi eklenmemelidir; daha ziyade, makalenin body paragraf’larında sunulan bilgileri derlenmeli ve bir sonuca varılmalıdır.

Buraya kadar okuduysanız size bir kıyağımız var 🙂 Anlamadığınız kısımları bu yazının altına sorabilirsiniz. Bekliyoruz.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Essay nedir.

Essay, okuyucuyu bilgilendirmek veya bir fikre ikna etmek için yazılan, giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşan ve Türkçe’de makale diye karşılık bulan kısa yazı parçasıdır.

Expository essay, yazarın bir fikri araştırmalar sonucunda elde ettiği bilgi ile tarafsız olarak okuyucusuna sunduğu akademik bir makale türüdür. Yazar, expository essay yazarken duygularından ve yargılarından arınarak sadece araştırmalarında bulduğu ve bilimsel olarak desteklenmiş gerçekleri yazar. Expository essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Persuasive essay, yazarın okuyucusunu ikna etmek için yazdığı akademik bir makale türüdür. Persuasive essay sadece bilimsel gerçekleri değil, yazarın kişisel görüşlerini de içeren bir İngilizce makale türüdür. Persuasive essay, essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Argumentative essay, yazarın belirli bir konu hakkındaki karşıt görüşler arasından birini seçip o görüşü kanıtlarla ve örneklerle karşıt görüşe karşı savunan akademik bir makale türüdür. Argumentative essay, essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç paragraflarından oluşur.

Descriptive essay nedir?

Descriptive essay, bir yeri, bir nesneyi, bir olayı ya da belki bir anıyı betimleyen İngilizce akademik makale türüdür. Descriptive essay yazarken yazar okuyucunun gözünde olayı, nesneyi ya da anıyı bir resim gibi çizerek okuyucunun bunları gözünde canlandırmasını sağlar. Descriptive essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşur..

Narrative essay nedir?

Narrative essay, yazarın okuyucusuna kendi bakış açısından bir hikayeyi anlattığı makale türüdür. Narrative essay’de yazar diğer akademik makale türlerinin aksine yaratıcı öğeleri ve kişisel deneyimlerini de yazının içine katar. Narrative essay giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bölümlerinden oluşur.

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Compare & contrast essay conjunctions - Karşılaştırma yazılarında kullanılan bağlaçlar

Benzerlikleri anlatırken şu bağlaçları kullanabilirsiniz:

Similarly, : benzer şekilde

Likewise, : bunun gibi, aynı şekilde, ... the same ... : aynı, ... the same as ..., also : de, da, both : ikisi de, is similar to : ...'ya benzer, too / either : de, da, as well : de, da, like : gibi, in the same way, : aynı şekilde, x is similar to y in that (they) ... : x ve y birbirlerine ...' da benzerler, x and y are similar in that (they) : x ve y ...'da benzer, like x, y [verb], in like manner, : benzer tarzda, one way x is similar to y is (that) : x ve y nin benzer bir noktası ... 'dır..

Farklılıkları anlatırken ise için şu bağlaçları kullanabilirsiniz:

On the other hand, : diğer bir yandan

However, : halbuki, fakat, unlike: aksine, while : oysa, in contrast : tersine, by contrast : aksine, tersine, even though / although / though : rağmen, whereas : oysaki, halbuki, unlike : aksine, nevertheless : yine de.

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• Writing Tips

5-minute read

• 9th March 2021

In a compare and contrast essay , you look at the similarities and differences between two subjects. How do you write one, though? Key steps include:

• Pick two things to compare based on the assignment you were given.
• Brainstorm the similarities and differences between your chosen subjects.
• Choose a structure for your essay and plan how you will write it.
• Write up your comparison and use evidence to support your argument.
• Revise and proofread your essay to make sure it is perfect.

For more advice on each stage, check out our guide below.

1. Pick Two Subjects to Compare and Contrast

A compare and contrast assignment will ask you, unsurprisingly, to compare and contrast two things. In some cases, the assignment question will make this clear. For instance, if the assignment says “Compare how Mozart and Beethoven use melody,” you will have a very clear sense of what to write about!

Other times, you will have a choice of what to compare. In this case, you will want to pick two things that are similar enough to make a useful comparison.

For example, comparing Mozart and Beethoven makes sense because both are classical composers. This means there will be lots of points of comparison between them. But comparing Mozart to a Ferrari SF90 Stradale would just be confusing: one is a renowned composer and musician, the other is a high-end sports car, so they have very little in common that we could usefully compare.

At the same time, the things you pick should be different enough that you can find points of contrast. Were you asked to compare the calorific content of two types of fast food, for example, it might not make sense to compare hamburgers and cheeseburgers as they are too similar. But you could compare hamburgers and pizzas since both are forms of fast food but they differ in other respects.

As such, if you need to pick the subjects of your essay, read your assignment question carefully and try to find two things that will produce a helpful comparison.

2. Brainstorm Their Similarities and Differences

The next step is to brainstorm similarities and differences between your chosen subjects. You can do this as a simple list, but you could also use a Venn diagram .

This is a set of overlapping circles, each of which represents one subject. You can then add characteristics to each circle, with anything your subjects have in common going in the overlapping bit in the middle.

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Once you’ve listed characteristics, you’ll need to pick out the similarities and differences relevant to your essay. If you were assigned a question, use this to guide your choices. Otherwise, look for features that seem surprising or interesting and plan your essay around these. The key is to pick points of comparison that help us to understand each thing better, or where the similarities and differences show us something that we might not have expected or noticed otherwise.

3. Choose a Structure for Your Essay

As with any essay, you will want to start with a short introduction where you introduce your topic and what you will argue. Beyond this, most compare and contrast essays are structured in one of two ways. Decide which approach to take before you write your essay outline :

• Divide by subject – Cover each subject in turn, looking at the key features you’ve identified in the previous step. You can then include a final section where you highlight what comparing the subjects tell us.
• Divide by individual points – Break your essay down into a series of sections. Each section will then focus on one of the key features you’ve identified, explaining the similarities and differences between your chosen subjects.

For instance, if you were comparing two novels, you could write about each novel in turn and then compare them at the end. Alternatively, you could structure your essay so that each section covers an individual idea (e.g., one on structure, one on characters, one on language), looking at how each book uses these things.

In either case, you will want to end on a conclusion where you summarize what the comparison has shown us about the two subjects.

4. Use Supporting Evidence for Your Argument

It is important that you also back up your statements with supporting evidence. In some cases, this will simply involve pointing to the features of each subject that you’re discussing (e.g., citing specific parts of the novels you’re comparing).

However, you can also do extra research to back up your arguments. Were you comparing two countries’ economic performance, for example, you could use statistics from other studies or reports to show the similarities and differences.

5. Proofread Your Compare and Contrast Essay

Once you have a first draft of your compare and contrast essay, take a break. If you have time, leave it overnight. The aim is to come back to it with fresh eyes and reread it, looking for any areas you could improve. After this, you can redraft your essay to make sure your argument is clear, concise, and convincing.

It is also a good idea to have your essay proofread before submitting it. This will ensure your work is error free and help you get the marks you deserve.

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Writing a Paper: Comparing & Contrasting

A compare and contrast paper discusses the similarities and differences between two or more topics. The paper should contain an introduction with a thesis statement, a body where the comparisons and contrasts are discussed, and a conclusion.

Address Both Similarities and Differences

Because this is a compare and contrast paper, both the similarities and differences should be discussed. This will require analysis on your part, as some topics will appear to be quite similar, and you will have to work to find the differing elements.

Make Sure You Have a Clear Thesis Statement

Just like any other essay, a compare and contrast essay needs a thesis statement. The thesis statement should not only tell your reader what you will do, but it should also address the purpose and importance of comparing and contrasting the material.

Use Clear Transitions

Transitions are important in compare and contrast essays, where you will be moving frequently between different topics or perspectives.

• Examples of transitions and phrases for comparisons: as well, similar to, consistent with, likewise, too
• Examples of transitions and phrases for contrasts: on the other hand, however, although, differs, conversely, rather than.

For more information, check out our transitions page.

Structure Your Paper

Consider how you will present the information. You could present all of the similarities first and then present all of the differences. Or you could go point by point and show the similarity and difference of one point, then the similarity and difference for another point, and so on.

Include Analysis

It is tempting to just provide summary for this type of paper, but analysis will show the importance of the comparisons and contrasts. For instance, if you are comparing two articles on the topic of the nursing shortage, help us understand what this will achieve. Did you find consensus between the articles that will support a certain action step for people in the field? Did you find discrepancies between the two that point to the need for further investigation?

Make Analogous Comparisons

When drawing comparisons or making contrasts, be sure you are dealing with similar aspects of each item. To use an old cliché, are you comparing apples to apples?

• Example of poor comparisons: Kubista studied the effects of a later start time on high school students, but Cook used a mixed methods approach. (This example does not compare similar items. It is not a clear contrast because the sentence does not discuss the same element of the articles. It is like comparing apples to oranges.)
• Example of analogous comparisons: Cook used a mixed methods approach, whereas Kubista used only quantitative methods. (Here, methods are clearly being compared, allowing the reader to understand the distinction.

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5 Compare and Contrast Essay Examples (Full Text)

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A compare and contrast essay selects two or more items that are critically analyzed to demonstrate their differences and similarities. Here is a template for you that provides the general structure:

A range of example essays is presented below.

Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

#1 jean piaget vs lev vygotsky essay.

1480 Words | 5 Pages | 10 References

(Level: University Undergraduate)

Thesis Statement: “This essay will critically examine and compare the developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, focusing on their differing views on cognitive development in children and their influence on educational psychology, through an exploration of key concepts such as the role of culture and environment, scaffolding, equilibration, and their overall implications for educational practices..”

#2 Democracy vs Authoritarianism Essay

Thesis Statement: “The thesis of this analysis is that, despite the efficiency and control offered by authoritarian regimes, democratic systems, with their emphasis on individual freedoms, participatory governance, and social welfare, present a more balanced and ethically sound approach to governance, better aligned with the ideals of a just and progressive society.”

#3 Apples vs Oranges Essay

1190 Words | 5 Pages | 0 References

(Level: 4th Grade, 5th Grade, 6th Grade)

Thesis Statement: “While apples and oranges are both popular and nutritious fruits, they differ significantly in their taste profiles, nutritional benefits, cultural symbolism, and culinary applications.”

#4 Nature vs Nurture Essay

1525 Words | 5 Pages | 11 References

(Level: High School and College)

Thesis Statement: “The purpose of this essay is to examine and elucidate the complex and interconnected roles of genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental influences (nurture) in shaping human development across various domains such as physical traits, personality, behavior, intelligence, and abilities.”

#5 Dogs vs Cats Essay

1095 Words | 5 Pages | 7 Bibliographic Sources

(Level: 6th Grade, 7th Grade, 8th Grade)

Thesis Statement: “This essay explores the distinctive characteristics, emotional connections, and lifestyle considerations associated with owning dogs and cats, aiming to illuminate the unique joys and benefits each pet brings to their human companions.”

I’ve recorded a full video for you on how to write a compare and contrast essay:

Get the Compare and Contrast Templates with AI Prompts Here

In the video, I outline the steps to writing your essay. Here they are explained below:

1. Essay Planning

First, I recommend using my compare and contrast worksheet, which acts like a Venn Diagram, walking you through the steps of comparing the similarities and differences of the concepts or items you’re comparing.

I recommend selecting 3-5 features that can be compared, as shown in the worksheet:

Grab the Worksheet as Part of the Compare and Contrast Essay Writing Pack

2. Writing the Essay

Once you’ve completed the worksheet, you’re ready to start writing. Go systematically through each feature you are comparing and discuss the similarities and differences, then make an evaluative statement after showing your depth of knowledge:

Get the Rest of the Premium Compare and Contrast Essay Writing Pack (With AI Prompts) Here

How to Write a Compare and Contrast Thesis Statement

Compare and contrast thesis statements can either:

• Remain neutral in an expository tone.
• Prosecute an argument about which of the items you’re comparing is overall best.

To write an argumentative thesis statement for a compare and contrast essay, try this AI Prompts:

💡 AI Prompt to Generate Ideas I am writing a compare and contrast essay that compares [Concept 1] and [Concept2]. Give me 5 potential single-sentence thesis statements that pass a reasonable judgement.

Ready to Write your Essay?

Take action! Choose one of the following options to start writing your compare and contrast essay now:

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• Writing for Success: Compare/Contrast

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

This section will help you determine the purpose and structure of comparison/contrast in writing.

The Purpose of Compare/Contrast in Writing

Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are different. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both.

The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way. The purpose of conducting the comparison or contrast is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle differences or unexpected similarities. For example, if you wanted to focus on contrasting two subjects you would not pick apples and oranges; rather, you might choose to compare and contrast two types of oranges or two types of apples to highlight subtle differences. For example, Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic. Drawing distinctions between elements in a similar category will increase the audience’s understanding of that category, which is the purpose of the compare-and-contrast essay.

Similarly, to focus on comparison, choose two subjects that seem at first to be unrelated. For a comparison essay, you likely would not choose two apples or two oranges because they share so many of the same properties already. Rather, you might try to compare how apples and oranges are quite similar. The more divergent the two subjects initially seem, the more interesting a comparison essay will be.

The Structure of a Compare/Contrast Essay

The compare-and-contrast essay starts with a thesis that clearly states the two subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both and the reason for doing so. The thesis could lean more toward comparing, contrasting, or both. Remember, the point of comparing and contrasting is to provide useful knowledge to the reader. Take the following thesis as an example that leans more toward contrasting:

Thesis Statement: Organic vegetables may cost more than those that are conventionally grown, but when put to the test, they are definitely worth every extra penny.

Here the thesis sets up the two subjects to be compared and contrasted (organic versus conventional vegetables), and it makes a claim about the results that might prove useful to the reader.

You may organize compare-and-contrast essays in one of the following two ways:

• According to the subjects themselves, discussing one then the other
• According to individual points, discussing each subject in relation to each point

The organizational structure you choose depends on the nature of the topic, your purpose, and your audience.

Given that compare-and-contrast essays analyze the relationship between two subjects, it is helpful to have some phrases on hand that will cue the reader to such analysis.

Phrases of Comparison and Contrast

Writing an Compare/Contrast Essay

First choose whether you want to compare seemingly disparate subjects, contrast seemingly similar subjects, or compare and contrast subjects. Once you have decided on a topic, introduce it with an engaging opening paragraph. Your thesis should come at the end of the introduction, and it should establish the subjects you will compare, contrast, or both as well as state what can be learned from doing so.

The body of the essay can be organized in one of two ways: by subject or by individual points. The organizing strategy that you choose will depend on, as always, your audience and your purpose. You may also consider your particular approach to the subjects as well as the nature of the subjects themselves; some subjects might better lend themselves to one structure or the other. Make sure to use comparison and contrast phrases to cue the reader to the ways in which you are analyzing the relationship between the subjects.

After you finish analyzing the subjects, write a conclusion that summarizes the main points of the essay and reinforces your thesis.

Compare/Contrast Essay Example

Comparing and Contrasting London and Washington, DC

By Scott McLean in Writing for Success

Both Washington, DC, and London are capital cities of English-speaking countries, and yet they offer vastly different experiences to their residents and visitors. Comparing and contrasting the two cities based on their history, their culture, and their residents show how different and similar the two are.

Both cities are rich in world and national history, though they developed on very different time lines. London, for example, has a history that dates back over two thousand years. It was part of the Roman Empire and known by the similar name, Londinium. It was not only one of the northernmost points of the Roman Empire but also the epicenter of the British Empire where it held significant global influence from the early sixteenth century on through the early twentieth century. Washington, DC, on the other hand, has only formally existed since the late eighteenth century. Though Native Americans inhabited the land several thousand years earlier, and settlers inhabited the land as early as the sixteenth century, the city did not become the capital of the United States until the 1790s. From that point onward to today, however, Washington, DC, has increasingly maintained significant global influence. Even though both cities have different histories, they have both held, and continue to hold, significant social influence in the economic and cultural global spheres.

Both Washington, DC, and London offer a wide array of museums that harbor many of the world’s most prized treasures. While Washington, DC, has the National Gallery of Art and several other Smithsonian galleries, London’s art scene and galleries have a definite edge in this category. From the Tate Modern to the British National Gallery, London’s art ranks among the world’s best. This difference and advantage has much to do with London and Britain’s historical depth compared to that of the United States. London has a much richer past than Washington, DC, and consequently has a lot more material to pull from when arranging its collections. Both cities have thriving theater districts, but again, London wins this comparison, too, both in quantity and quality of theater choices. With regard to other cultural places like restaurants, pubs, and bars, both cities are very comparable. Both have a wide selection of expensive, elegant restaurants as well as a similar amount of global and national chains. While London may be better known for its pubs and taste in beer, DC offers a different bar-going experience. With clubs and pubs that tend to stay open later than their British counterparts, the DC night life tend to be less reserved overall.

Both cities also share and differ in cultural diversity and cost of living. Both cities share a very expensive cost of living—both in terms of housing and shopping. A downtown one-bedroom apartment in DC can easily cost $1,800 per month, and a similar “flat” in London may double that amount. These high costs create socioeconomic disparity among the residents. Although both cities’ residents are predominantly wealthy, both have a significantly large population of poor and homeless. Perhaps the most significant difference between the resident demographics is the racial makeup. Washington, DC, is a “minority majority” city, which means the majority of its citizens are races other than white. In 2009, according to the US Census, 55 percent of DC residents were classified as “Black or African American” and 35 percent of its residents were classified as “white.” London, by contrast, has very few minorities—in 2006, 70 percent of its population was “white,” while only 10 percent was “black.” The racial demographic differences between the cities is drastic.

Even though Washington, DC, and London are major capital cities of English-speaking countries in the Western world, they have many differences along with their similarities. They have vastly different histories, art cultures, and racial demographics, but they remain similar in their cost of living and socioeconomic disparity.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• A compare-and-contrast essay analyzes two subjects by either comparing them, contrasting them, or both.
• The purpose of writing a comparison or contrast essay is not to state the obvious but rather to illuminate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects.
• The thesis should clearly state the subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both, and it should state what is to be learned from doing so.
• There are two main organizing strategies for compare-and-contrast essays.
• Organize by the subjects themselves, one then the other.
• Organize by individual points, in which you discuss each subject in relation to each point.
• Use phrases of comparison or phrases of contrast to signal to readers how exactly the two subjects are being analyzed.
• Provided by : Lumen Learning. Located at : http://lumenlearning.com/ . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
• Successful Writing. Provided by : Anonymous. Located at : http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/successful-writing/s14-07-comparison-and-contrast.html . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
• Comparing and Contrasting London and Washington, DC. Authored by : Scott McLean. Located at : http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/successful-writing/s14-07-comparison-and-contrast.html . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
• Table of Contents

Instructor Resources (Access Requires Login)

• Overview of Instructor Resources

An Overview of the Writing Process

• Introduction to the Writing Process
• Introduction to Writing
• Your Role as a Learner
• What is an Essay?
• Reading to Write
• Defining the Writing Process
• Videos: Prewriting Techniques
• Thesis Statements
• Organizing an Essay
• Creating Paragraphs
• Conclusions
• Editing and Proofreading
• Matters of Grammar, Mechanics, and Style
• Peer Review Checklist
• Comparative Chart of Writing Strategies

Using Sources

• Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting the Works Cited Page (MLA)
• Citing Paraphrases and Summaries (APA)
• APA Citation Style, 6th edition: General Style Guidelines

Definition Essay

• Definitional Argument Essay
• How to Write a Definition Essay
• Critical Thinking
• Video: Thesis Explained
• Effective Thesis Statements
• Student Sample: Definition Essay

Narrative Essay

• Introduction to Narrative Essay
• Student Sample: Narrative Essay
• "Shooting an Elephant" by George Orwell
• "Sixty-nine Cents" by Gary Shteyngart
• Video: The Danger of a Single Story
• How to Write an Annotation
• How to Write a Summary
• Writing for Success: Narration

Illustration/Example Essay

• Introduction to Illustration/Example Essay
• "She's Your Basic L.O.L. in N.A.D" by Perri Klass
• "April & Paris" by David Sedaris
• Writing for Success: Illustration/Example
• Student Sample: Illustration/Example Essay

Compare/Contrast Essay

• Introduction to Compare/Contrast Essay
• "Disability" by Nancy Mairs
• "Friending, Ancient or Otherwise" by Alex Wright
• "A South African Storm" by Allison Howard
• Student Sample: Compare/Contrast Essay

Cause-and-Effect Essay

• Introduction to Cause-and-Effect Essay
• "Cultural Baggage" by Barbara Ehrenreich
• "Women in Science" by K.C. Cole
• Writing for Success: Cause and Effect
• Student Sample: Cause-and-Effect Essay

Argument Essay

• Introduction to Argument Essay
• Rogerian Argument
• "The Case Against Torture," by Alisa Soloman
• "The Case for Torture" by Michael Levin
• How to Write a Summary by Paraphrasing Source Material
• Writing for Success: Argument
• Student Sample: Argument Essay
• Grammar/Mechanics Mini-lessons
• Mini-lesson: Subjects and Verbs, Irregular Verbs, Subject Verb Agreement
• Mini-lesson: Sentence Types
• Mini-lesson: Fragments I
• Mini-lesson: Run-ons and Comma Splices I
• Mini-lesson: Comma Usage
• Mini-lesson: Parallelism
• Mini-lesson: The Apostrophe
• Mini-lesson: Capital Letters
• Grammar Practice - Interactive Quizzes
• De Copia - Demonstration of the Variety of Language
• Style Exercise: Voice

Comparing and Contrasting

What this handout is about.

This handout will help you first to determine whether a particular assignment is asking for comparison/contrast and then to generate a list of similarities and differences, decide which similarities and differences to focus on, and organize your paper so that it will be clear and effective. It will also explain how you can (and why you should) develop a thesis that goes beyond “Thing A and Thing B are similar in many ways but different in others.”

In your career as a student, you’ll encounter many different kinds of writing assignments, each with its own requirements. One of the most common is the comparison/contrast essay, in which you focus on the ways in which certain things or ideas—usually two of them—are similar to (this is the comparison) and/or different from (this is the contrast) one another. By assigning such essays, your instructors are encouraging you to make connections between texts or ideas, engage in critical thinking, and go beyond mere description or summary to generate interesting analysis: when you reflect on similarities and differences, you gain a deeper understanding of the items you are comparing, their relationship to each other, and what is most important about them.

Recognizing comparison/contrast in assignments

Some assignments use words—like compare, contrast, similarities, and differences—that make it easy for you to see that they are asking you to compare and/or contrast. Here are a few hypothetical examples:

• Compare and contrast Frye’s and Bartky’s accounts of oppression.
• Compare WWI to WWII, identifying similarities in the causes, development, and outcomes of the wars.
• Contrast Wordsworth and Coleridge; what are the major differences in their poetry?

Notice that some topics ask only for comparison, others only for contrast, and others for both.

But it’s not always so easy to tell whether an assignment is asking you to include comparison/contrast. And in some cases, comparison/contrast is only part of the essay—you begin by comparing and/or contrasting two or more things and then use what you’ve learned to construct an argument or evaluation. Consider these examples, noticing the language that is used to ask for the comparison/contrast and whether the comparison/contrast is only one part of a larger assignment:

• Choose a particular idea or theme, such as romantic love, death, or nature, and consider how it is treated in two Romantic poems.
• How do the different authors we have studied so far define and describe oppression?
• Compare Frye’s and Bartky’s accounts of oppression. What does each imply about women’s collusion in their own oppression? Which is more accurate?
• In the texts we’ve studied, soldiers who served in different wars offer differing accounts of their experiences and feelings both during and after the fighting. What commonalities are there in these accounts? What factors do you think are responsible for their differences?

You may want to check out our handout on understanding assignments for additional tips.

Using comparison/contrast for all kinds of writing projects

Sometimes you may want to use comparison/contrast techniques in your own pre-writing work to get ideas that you can later use for an argument, even if comparison/contrast isn’t an official requirement for the paper you’re writing. For example, if you wanted to argue that Frye’s account of oppression is better than both de Beauvoir’s and Bartky’s, comparing and contrasting the main arguments of those three authors might help you construct your evaluation—even though the topic may not have asked for comparison/contrast and the lists of similarities and differences you generate may not appear anywhere in the final draft of your paper.

Discovering similarities and differences

Making a Venn diagram or a chart can help you quickly and efficiently compare and contrast two or more things or ideas. To make a Venn diagram, simply draw some overlapping circles, one circle for each item you’re considering. In the central area where they overlap, list the traits the two items have in common. Assign each one of the areas that doesn’t overlap; in those areas, you can list the traits that make the things different. Here’s a very simple example, using two pizza places:

To make a chart, figure out what criteria you want to focus on in comparing the items. Along the left side of the page, list each of the criteria. Across the top, list the names of the items. You should then have a box per item for each criterion; you can fill the boxes in and then survey what you’ve discovered.

Here’s an example, this time using three pizza places:

As you generate points of comparison, consider the purpose and content of the assignment and the focus of the class. What do you think the professor wants you to learn by doing this comparison/contrast? How does it fit with what you have been studying so far and with the other assignments in the course? Are there any clues about what to focus on in the assignment itself?

Here are some general questions about different types of things you might have to compare. These are by no means complete or definitive lists; they’re just here to give you some ideas—you can generate your own questions for these and other types of comparison. You may want to begin by using the questions reporters traditionally ask: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? If you’re talking about objects, you might also consider general properties like size, shape, color, sound, weight, taste, texture, smell, number, duration, and location.

Two historical periods or events

• When did they occur—do you know the date(s) and duration? What happened or changed during each? Why are they significant?
• What kinds of work did people do? What kinds of relationships did they have? What did they value?
• What kinds of governments were there? Who were important people involved?
• What caused events in these periods, and what consequences did they have later on?

Two ideas or theories

• What are they about?
• Did they originate at some particular time?
• Who created them? Who uses or defends them?
• What is the central focus, claim, or goal of each? What conclusions do they offer?
• How are they applied to situations/people/things/etc.?
• Which seems more plausible to you, and why? How broad is their scope?
• What kind of evidence is usually offered for them?

Two pieces of writing or art

• What are their titles? What do they describe or depict?
• What is their tone or mood? What is their form?
• Who created them? When were they created? Why do you think they were created as they were? What themes do they address?
• Do you think one is of higher quality or greater merit than the other(s)—and if so, why?
• For writing: what plot, characterization, setting, theme, tone, and type of narration are used?
• Where are they from? How old are they? What is the gender, race, class, etc. of each?
• What, if anything, are they known for? Do they have any relationship to each other?
• What are they like? What did/do they do? What do they believe? Why are they interesting?
• What stands out most about each of them?

Deciding what to focus on

By now you have probably generated a huge list of similarities and differences—congratulations! Next you must decide which of them are interesting, important, and relevant enough to be included in your paper. Ask yourself these questions:

• What’s relevant to the assignment?
• What’s relevant to the course?
• What’s interesting and informative?
• What matters to the argument you are going to make?
• What’s basic or central (and needs to be mentioned even if obvious)?
• Overall, what’s more important—the similarities or the differences?

Suppose that you are writing a paper comparing two novels. For most literature classes, the fact that they both use Caslon type (a kind of typeface, like the fonts you may use in your writing) is not going to be relevant, nor is the fact that one of them has a few illustrations and the other has none; literature classes are more likely to focus on subjects like characterization, plot, setting, the writer’s style and intentions, language, central themes, and so forth. However, if you were writing a paper for a class on typesetting or on how illustrations are used to enhance novels, the typeface and presence or absence of illustrations might be absolutely critical to include in your final paper.

Sometimes a particular point of comparison or contrast might be relevant but not terribly revealing or interesting. For example, if you are writing a paper about Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey” and Coleridge’s “Frost at Midnight,” pointing out that they both have nature as a central theme is relevant (comparisons of poetry often talk about themes) but not terribly interesting; your class has probably already had many discussions about the Romantic poets’ fondness for nature. Talking about the different ways nature is depicted or the different aspects of nature that are emphasized might be more interesting and show a more sophisticated understanding of the poems.

Your thesis

The thesis of your comparison/contrast paper is very important: it can help you create a focused argument and give your reader a road map so they don’t get lost in the sea of points you are about to make. As in any paper, you will want to replace vague reports of your general topic (for example, “This paper will compare and contrast two pizza places,” or “Pepper’s and Amante are similar in some ways and different in others,” or “Pepper’s and Amante are similar in many ways, but they have one major difference”) with something more detailed and specific. For example, you might say, “Pepper’s and Amante have similar prices and ingredients, but their atmospheres and willingness to deliver set them apart.”

Be careful, though—although this thesis is fairly specific and does propose a simple argument (that atmosphere and delivery make the two pizza places different), your instructor will often be looking for a bit more analysis. In this case, the obvious question is “So what? Why should anyone care that Pepper’s and Amante are different in this way?” One might also wonder why the writer chose those two particular pizza places to compare—why not Papa John’s, Dominos, or Pizza Hut? Again, thinking about the context the class provides may help you answer such questions and make a stronger argument. Here’s a revision of the thesis mentioned earlier:

Pepper’s and Amante both offer a greater variety of ingredients than other Chapel Hill/Carrboro pizza places (and than any of the national chains), but the funky, lively atmosphere at Pepper’s makes it a better place to give visiting friends and family a taste of local culture.

You may find our handout on constructing thesis statements useful at this stage.

Organizing your paper

There are many different ways to organize a comparison/contrast essay. Here are two:

Subject-by-subject

Begin by saying everything you have to say about the first subject you are discussing, then move on and make all the points you want to make about the second subject (and after that, the third, and so on, if you’re comparing/contrasting more than two things). If the paper is short, you might be able to fit all of your points about each item into a single paragraph, but it’s more likely that you’d have several paragraphs per item. Using our pizza place comparison/contrast as an example, after the introduction, you might have a paragraph about the ingredients available at Pepper’s, a paragraph about its location, and a paragraph about its ambience. Then you’d have three similar paragraphs about Amante, followed by your conclusion.

The danger of this subject-by-subject organization is that your paper will simply be a list of points: a certain number of points (in my example, three) about one subject, then a certain number of points about another. This is usually not what college instructors are looking for in a paper—generally they want you to compare or contrast two or more things very directly, rather than just listing the traits the things have and leaving it up to the reader to reflect on how those traits are similar or different and why those similarities or differences matter. Thus, if you use the subject-by-subject form, you will probably want to have a very strong, analytical thesis and at least one body paragraph that ties all of your different points together.

A subject-by-subject structure can be a logical choice if you are writing what is sometimes called a “lens” comparison, in which you use one subject or item (which isn’t really your main topic) to better understand another item (which is). For example, you might be asked to compare a poem you’ve already covered thoroughly in class with one you are reading on your own. It might make sense to give a brief summary of your main ideas about the first poem (this would be your first subject, the “lens”), and then spend most of your paper discussing how those points are similar to or different from your ideas about the second.

Point-by-point

Rather than addressing things one subject at a time, you may wish to talk about one point of comparison at a time. There are two main ways this might play out, depending on how much you have to say about each of the things you are comparing. If you have just a little, you might, in a single paragraph, discuss how a certain point of comparison/contrast relates to all the items you are discussing. For example, I might describe, in one paragraph, what the prices are like at both Pepper’s and Amante; in the next paragraph, I might compare the ingredients available; in a third, I might contrast the atmospheres of the two restaurants.

If I had a bit more to say about the items I was comparing/contrasting, I might devote a whole paragraph to how each point relates to each item. For example, I might have a whole paragraph about the clientele at Pepper’s, followed by a whole paragraph about the clientele at Amante; then I would move on and do two more paragraphs discussing my next point of comparison/contrast—like the ingredients available at each restaurant.

There are no hard and fast rules about organizing a comparison/contrast paper, of course. Just be sure that your reader can easily tell what’s going on! Be aware, too, of the placement of your different points. If you are writing a comparison/contrast in service of an argument, keep in mind that the last point you make is the one you are leaving your reader with. For example, if I am trying to argue that Amante is better than Pepper’s, I should end with a contrast that leaves Amante sounding good, rather than with a point of comparison that I have to admit makes Pepper’s look better. If you’ve decided that the differences between the items you’re comparing/contrasting are most important, you’ll want to end with the differences—and vice versa, if the similarities seem most important to you.

Our handout on organization can help you write good topic sentences and transitions and make sure that you have a good overall structure in place for your paper.

Cue words and other tips

To help your reader keep track of where you are in the comparison/contrast, you’ll want to be sure that your transitions and topic sentences are especially strong. Your thesis should already have given the reader an idea of the points you’ll be making and the organization you’ll be using, but you can help them out with some extra cues. The following words may be helpful to you in signaling your intentions:

• like, similar to, also, unlike, similarly, in the same way, likewise, again, compared to, in contrast, in like manner, contrasted with, on the contrary, however, although, yet, even though, still, but, nevertheless, conversely, at the same time, regardless, despite, while, on the one hand … on the other hand.

For example, you might have a topic sentence like one of these:

• Compared to Pepper’s, Amante is quiet.
• Like Amante, Pepper’s offers fresh garlic as a topping.
• Despite their different locations (downtown Chapel Hill and downtown Carrboro), Pepper’s and Amante are both fairly easy to get to.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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Mentor Texts

Writing Comparative Essays: Making Connections to Illuminate Ideas

Breathing new life into a familiar school format, with the help of Times journalism and several winning student essays.

By Katherine Schulten

Our new Mentor Text series spotlights writing from The Times and from our student contests that teenagers can learn from and emulate.

This entry aims to help support those participating in our Third Annual Connections Contest , in which students are invited to take something they are studying in school and show us, via parallels found in a Times article, how it connects to our world today. In other words, we’re asking them to compare ideas in two texts.

For even more on how to help your students make those kinds of connections, please see our related writing unit .

I. Overview

Making connections is a natural part of thinking. We can’t help doing it. If you’re telling a friend about a new song or restaurant or TV show you like, you’ll almost always find yourself saying, “It’s like _________” and referencing something you both know. It’s a simple way of helping your listener get his or her bearings.

Journalists do it too. In fact, it’s one of the main tools of the trade to help explain a new concept or reframe an old one. Here are just a few recent examples:

A science reporter explains the behavior of fossilized marine animals by likening them to humans making conga lines.

A sportswriter describes the current N.B.A. season by framing it in terms of Broadway show tunes.

An Op-Ed contributor compares today’s mainstreaming of contemporary African art to “an urban neighborhood undergoing gentrification.”

Sometimes a journalist will go beyond making a simple analogy and devote a whole piece to an extended comparison between two things. Articles like these are real-world cousins of that classic compare/contrast essay you’ve probably been writing in school since you could first hold a pen.

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İçindekiler. 1 Essay Türleri. 1.1 Narrative Essay; 1.2 Descriptive Essay; 1.3 Example - Illustrative Essay; 1.4 Definition Essay; 1.5 Process Essay; 1.6 Classification Essay; 1.7 Compare and Contrast Essay; 1.8 Cause and Effect Essay; 1.9 Problem Solution Essay; 2 Her Türde Essay Kalıpları. 2.1 Sebep ve sonuç vermek için kullanılan essay kalıpları:; 2.2 Örnek vermek için ...

Matt Ellis. Updated on June 2, 2022 Students. A compare-and-contrast essay is a style of essay that points out the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. It's ideal for showing what separates and unites related things or concepts, particularly if the subjects are often confused for each other or unjustly lumped together.

How To Write A Compare And Contrast Essay Outline Writing an essay on the intricacies of crafting a compare and contrast essay outline can be a challenging task. This type of essay requires a careful analysis of two or more subjects, identifying their similarities and differences, and presenting them in a coherent and organized manner. The difficulty lies not only in the critical thinking and ...

In the block method, you cover each of the overall subjects you're comparing in a block. You say everything you have to say about your first subject, then discuss your second subject, making comparisons and contrasts back to the things you've already said about the first. Your text is structured like this: Subject 1.

Compare and contrast essay örnekleri, compare and contrast essay öğrenci yazıları ... Thesis nedir, outline nedir, body nasıl yazılır bilmiyor musunuz? Essay yazma ile ilgili bilmeniz gereken ne varsa Essay Rehberi'nde. Essay Rehberi.

An academic compare and contrast essay looks at two or more subjects, ideas, people, or objects, compares their likeness, and contrasts their differences. It's an informative essay that provides insights on what is similar and different between the two items. Depending on the essay's instructions, you can focus solely on comparing or ...

Step 5. End your essay with a conclusion. The conclusion of your essay should summarize the key points discussed in your paper to reinforce your thesis. Make sure to briefly recap the similarities and differences you discussed in the body paragraphs. Conclude your essay by emphasizing the importance of the comparison.

4.1: Introduction to Comparison and Contrast Essay. The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way. Comparison and contrast is simply telling how two things are alike or different. The compare-and-contrast essay starts with a thesis that clearly states the two subjects that are to ...

4. Outline your body paragraphs based on point-by-point comparison. This is the more common method used in the comparison and contrast essay. [6] You can write a paragraph about each characteristic of both locations, comparing the locations in the same paragraph.

Summarize the main similarities and differences you have identified. Make a point regarding the relationship between your subjects. 4. Things to Remember. Here are some important tips to keep in mind when writing your compare and contrast essay: Ensure you are comparing or contrasting the same criteria between each subject.

Essay, bir fikri anlatmak ve bunları kendi sözlerinizle açıklamak için yazılan ve Türkçe'de makale diye karşılık bulan bir yazı parçasıdır. Essay, genellikle, belirli bir sorunu veya soruyu ele almak için fikirleri, kanıtları ve argümanları bir araya getiren bir şekilde yazılır. Essay, belirli bir yapıda yazılır ...

While : oysa. Some people get lots of money while the others have to live on just small amounts. In contrast : tersine. This problem isn't normal in contrast it's very serious. By contrast : aksine, tersine. The birth rate for old women has decreased, by contrast, teenage mothers have increased. Yet : ama.

Recognizing comparison/contrast in assignments Some assignments use words—like compare, contrast, similarities, and differences—that make it easy for you to see that they are asking you to compare and/or contrast. Here are a few hypothetical examples: Compare and contrast Frye's and Bartky's accounts of oppression.

Choose a structure for your essay and plan how you will write it. Write up your comparison and use evidence to support your argument. Revise and proofread your essay to make sure it is perfect. For more advice on each stage, check out our guide below. 1. Pick Two Subjects to Compare and Contrast. A compare and contrast assignment will ask you ...

Use Clear Transitions. Transitions are important in compare and contrast essays, where you will be moving frequently between different topics or perspectives. Examples of transitions and phrases for comparisons: as well, similar to, consistent with, likewise, too. Examples of transitions and phrases for contrasts: on the other hand, however ...

Here they are explained below: 1. Essay Planning. First, I recommend using my compare and contrast worksheet, which acts like a Venn Diagram, walking you through the steps of comparing the similarities and differences of the concepts or items you're comparing. I recommend selecting 3-5 features that can be compared, as shown in the worksheet:

This page titled 5.6: Compare and Contrast is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jenifer Kurtz via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform. Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are ...

The Structure of a Compare/Contrast Essay. The compare-and-contrast essay starts with a thesis that clearly states the two subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both and the reason for doing so. The thesis could lean more toward comparing, contrasting, or both. Remember, the point of comparing and contrasting is to provide useful ...

To write a compare and contrast essay, first, you choose two topics that are seemingly similar with interesting surprising differences or seemingly different with interesting or surprising ...

A compare and contrast essay, also called a comparison or comparative essay, is used to explain the similarities and differences between two subjects. These types of essays usually use specific ...

Contact Sales Learn More. Compare and contrast essays examine topics from multiple viewpoints. This kind of essay, often assigned in middle school and high school, teaches students about the analytical writing process and prepares them for more advanced forms of academic writing. Compare and contrast essays are relatively easy to write if you ...

Making a Venn diagram or a chart can help you quickly and efficiently compare and contrast two or more things or ideas. To make a Venn diagram, simply draw some overlapping circles, one circle for each item you're considering. In the central area where they overlap, list the traits the two items have in common.

Here are some tips, with student examples to illustrate each. 1. Make sure you're focusing on a manageable theme or idea. One of the first ways to get on the wrong track in writing a comparative ...

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