Identify
Explore
Discover
Discuss
Summarise
Describe
Last, format your objectives into a numbered list. This is because when you write your thesis or dissertation, you will at times need to make reference to a specific research objective; structuring your research objectives in a numbered list will provide a clear way of doing this.
To bring all this together, let’s compare the first research objective in the previous example with the above guidance:
Research Objective:
1. Develop finite element models using explicit dynamics to mimic mallet blows during cup/shell insertion, initially using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum.
Checking Against Recommended Approach:
Q: Is it specific? A: Yes, it is clear what the student intends to do (produce a finite element model), why they intend to do it (mimic cup/shell blows) and their parameters have been well-defined ( using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum ).
Q: Is it measurable? A: Yes, it is clear that the research objective will be achieved once the finite element model is complete.
Q: Is it achievable? A: Yes, provided the student has access to a computer lab, modelling software and laboratory data.
Q: Is it relevant? A: Yes, mimicking impacts to a cup/shell is fundamental to the overall aim of understanding how they deform when impacted upon.
Q: Is it timebound? A: Yes, it is possible to create a limited-scope finite element model in a relatively short time, especially if you already have experience in modelling.
Q: Does it start with a verb? A: Yes, it starts with ‘develop’, which makes the intent of the objective immediately clear.
Q: Is it a numbered list? A: Yes, it is the first research objective in a list of eight.
1. making your research aim too broad.
Having a research aim too broad becomes very difficult to achieve. Normally, this occurs when a student develops their research aim before they have a good understanding of what they want to research. Remember that at the end of your project and during your viva defence , you will have to prove that you have achieved your research aims; if they are too broad, this will be an almost impossible task. In the early stages of your research project, your priority should be to narrow your study to a specific area. A good way to do this is to take the time to study existing literature, question their current approaches, findings and limitations, and consider whether there are any recurring gaps that could be investigated .
Note: Achieving a set of aims does not necessarily mean proving or disproving a theory or hypothesis, even if your research aim was to, but having done enough work to provide a useful and original insight into the principles that underlie your research aim.
Be realistic about what you can achieve in the time you have available. It is natural to want to set ambitious research objectives that require sophisticated data collection and analysis, but only completing this with six months before the end of your PhD registration period is not a worthwhile trade-off.
Each research objective should have its own purpose and distinct measurable outcome. To this effect, a common mistake is to form research objectives which have large amounts of overlap. This makes it difficult to determine when an objective is truly complete, and also presents challenges in estimating the duration of objectives when creating your project timeline. It also makes it difficult to structure your thesis into unique chapters, making it more challenging for you to write and for your audience to read.
Fortunately, this oversight can be easily avoided by using SMART objectives.
Hopefully, you now have a good idea of how to create an effective set of aims and objectives for your research project, whether it be a thesis, dissertation or research paper. While it may be tempting to dive directly into your research, spending time on getting your aims and objectives right will give your research clear direction. This won’t only reduce the likelihood of problems arising later down the line, but will also lead to a more thorough and coherent research project.
Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.
Join thousands of students.
Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.
Why are research objectives important, characteristics of research objectives, what is an example of a research objective, types of research objectives, formulating research objectives.
Research objectives are clear, concise statements that outline what a research project aims to achieve. They guide the direction of the study, ensuring that researchers stay focused and organized. Properly formulated objectives help in identifying the scope of the research and the methods to be used. This article will cover the importance of research objectives, their characteristics, examples, types, and how to write them. By understanding these elements, researchers can develop effective research aims that enhance the clarity and purpose of their studies. This straightforward approach will provide practical guidance for both novice and experienced researchers in crafting clear research objectives.
Research objectives are crucial because they provide a clear focus and direction for a study. A well-defined research aim can help researchers stay on track by outlining specific goals that need to be achieved. This clarity ensures that all aspects of the research are aligned with the intended outcomes.
Having well-defined objectives also facilitates effective planning and execution. Researchers can allocate resources more efficiently, select appropriate methodologies , and set realistic timelines. Moreover, clear objectives help in the assessment and evaluation of the research process and its outcomes, making it easier to determine whether the study has been successful.
Research objectives also enhance communication. They allow researchers to clearly convey the purpose and scope of their study to stakeholders, including funding bodies, academic peers, and participants. This transparency builds credibility and trust, which are essential for the integrity of the research process.
Research objectives possess several key characteristics that make them effective and useful for guiding a study. These characteristics ensure that the objectives are clear, achievable, and relevant to the research problem . Here are the essential characteristics to keep in mind when you develop research objectives for a successful research project.
By adhering to these characteristics, researchers can develop objectives that are effective in guiding their study. Clear and well-defined objectives not only enhance the research process but also improve the quality and credibility of the research outcomes.
From collecting data to generating insights, do it all with ATLAS.ti. Get started with a free trial.
To illustrate what a well-defined research objective might look like, consider a study focused on improving reading comprehension among elementary school students. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new instructional strategy designed to enhance students' reading skills. Here is an example of a research objective for this study:
"To assess the impact of the interactive reading program on the reading comprehension scores of third-grade students over a six-month period."
This objective is effective because it meets several key criteria:
By formulating objectives in this manner, researchers can create a clear roadmap for their study from research design to research paper . This example demonstrates how to incorporate the essential characteristics of research objectives into a practical and actionable statement.
Well-defined objectives help in planning the study, selecting an appropriate research methodology , and evaluating the outcomes. They also facilitate effective communication among members of the research team and with stakeholders, ensuring that everyone involved understands the purpose and scope of the research.
Research objectives can be categorized into different types based on their purpose and focus. Understanding these types helps researchers design studies that effectively address their research questions . Here are three common types of research objectives:
Descriptive objectives aim to describe the characteristics or functions of a particular phenomenon or group. These objectives are often used in exploratory studies to gather information and provide a detailed picture of the subject being investigated. For example, a descriptive objective might be, "To describe the dietary habits of teenagers in urban areas." This type of objective helps in understanding the current state or conditions of the research subject.
Exploratory objectives seek to explore new areas of knowledge or investigate relationships between variables. These objectives are often used in the initial stages of research to identify patterns, generate propositions, or uncover insights that can lead to further studies. An example of an exploratory objective is, "To investigate the relationship between social media usage and academic performance among college students." This type of objective is useful for studies that aim to look into new or under-researched areas.
Explanatory objectives aim to explain the causes or reasons behind a particular phenomenon. These objectives often involve verifying a theory or determining relationships among variables. For instance, an explanatory objective could be, "To determine the impact of a structured exercise program on the mental health of elderly individuals." This type of objective is essential for studies that seek to understand the underlying mechanisms or effects of specific interventions or conditions.
Writing research aims is a critical step in the research process . Well-defined objectives provide a roadmap for the study and help ensure that the research stays focused and relevant. Here are some steps to guide the formulation of research objectives:
Powerful data analysis with an intuitive interface is just a few clicks away. Download a free trial.
Writing a research paper, thesis, or dissertation ? If so, you’ll want to state your research objectives in the introduction of your paper to make it clear to your readers what you’re trying to accomplish. But how do you write effective research objectives? In this post, we’ll look at two key topics to help you do this:
For more advice on how to write strong research objectives, see below.
There is an important difference between research aims and research objectives:
For instance, an example research aim could be:
This study will investigate the link between dehydration and the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in intensive care patients in Australia.
To develop a set of research objectives, you would then break down the various steps involved in meeting said aim. For example:
This study will investigate the link between dehydration and the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in intensive care patients in Australia. To achieve this, the study objectives w ill include:
Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.
Note that the objectives don’t go into any great detail here. The key is to briefly summarize each component of your study. You can save details for how you will conduct the research for the methodology section of your paper.
A great way to refine your research objectives is to use SMART criteria . Borrowed from the world of project management, there are many versions of this system. However, we’re going to focus on developing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timebound objectives.
In other words, a good research objective should be all of the following:
If you follow this system, your research objectives will be much stronger.
Whatever your research aims and objectives, make sure to have your academic writing proofread by the experts!
Our academic editors can help you with research papers and proposals , as well as any other scholarly document you need checking. And this will help to ensure that your academic writing is always clear, concise, and precise.
Submit a free sample document today to trial our services and find out more.
Post A New Comment
5-minute read
Promoting a brand means sharing valuable insights to connect more deeply with your audience, and...
6-minute read
If you’re seeking funding to support your charitable endeavors as a nonprofit organization, you’ll need...
9-minute read
Is your content getting noticed? Capturing and maintaining an audience’s attention is a challenge when...
8-minute read
Are you looking to enhance engagement and captivate your audience through your professional documents? Interactive...
7-minute read
Voice search optimization is rapidly shaping the digital landscape, requiring content professionals to adapt their...
4-minute read
Are you a creative freelancer looking to make a lasting impression on potential clients or...
Crafting clear pathways: writing objectives in research papers.
Struggling to write research objectives? Follow our easy steps to learn how to craft effective and compelling objectives in research papers.
Are you struggling to define the goals and direction of your research ? Are you losing yourself while doing research and tend to go astray from the intended research topic? Fear not, as many face the same problem and it is quite understandable to overcome this, a concept called research objective comes into play here.
In this article, we’ll delve into the world of the objectives in research papers and why they are essential for a successful study. We will be studying what they are and how they are used in research.
A research objective is a clear and specific goal that a researcher aims to achieve through a research study. It serves as a roadmap for the research, providing direction and focus. Research objectives are formulated based on the research questions or hypotheses, and they help in defining the scope of the study and guiding the research design and methodology . They also assist in evaluating the success and outcomes of the research.
There are typically three main types of objectives in a research paper:
Also Read: What are the types of research?
1. identify the research topic:.
Clearly define the subject or topic of your research. This will provide a broad context for developing specific research objectives.
Review existing literature and research related to your topic. This will help you understand the current state of knowledge, identify any research gaps, and refine your research objectives accordingly.
Formulate specific research questions or hypotheses that you want to address in your study. These questions should be directly related to your research topic and guide the development of your research objectives.
Break down the broader research questions or hypothesis into specific goals or objectives. Each objective should focus on a particular aspect of your research topic and be achievable within the scope of your study.
Write your research objectives using clear and precise language. Avoid vague terms and use specific and measurable terms that can be observed, analyzed, or measured.
Ensure that your research objectives are feasible within the available resources, time constraints, and ethical considerations. They should be realistic and attainable given the limitations of your study.
If you have multiple research objectives, prioritize them based on their importance and relevance to your overall research goals. This will help you allocate resources and focus your efforts accordingly.
Review your research objectives to ensure they align with your research questions or hypotheses, and revise them if necessary. Seek feedback from peers or advisors to ensure clarity and coherence.
1. be clear and specific.
Clearly state what you intend to achieve with your research. Use specific language that leaves no room for ambiguity or confusion. This ensures that your objectives are well-defined and focused.
Begin each research objective with an action verb that describes a measurable action or outcome. This helps make your objectives more actionable and measurable.
Your research objectives should directly address the research questions or hypotheses you have formulated. Ensure there is a clear connection between them to maintain coherence in your study.
Set research objectives that are attainable within the constraints of your study, including available resources, time, and ethical considerations. Unrealistic objectives may undermine the validity and reliability of your research.
Your research objectives should be relevant to your research topic and contribute to the broader field of study. Consider the potential impact and significance of achieving the objectives.
To ensure that your research objectives are well-defined and effectively guide your study, you can apply the SMART framework. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. Here’s how you can make your research objectives SMART:
Here are some examples of research objectives from various fields of study:
Research objectives play a crucial role in the research process and hold significant importance for several reasons:
When writing research objectives, it’s important to be aware of common mistakes and pitfalls that can undermine the effectiveness and clarity of your objectives. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
In conclusion, research objectives are integral to the success and effectiveness of any research study. They provide a clear direction, focus, and purpose, guiding the entire research process from start to finish. By formulating specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives, researchers can define the scope of their study, guide data collection and analysis, and evaluate the outcomes of their research.
When you wish to explain any complex data, it’s always advised to break it down into simpler visuals or stories. This is where Mind the Graph comes in. It is a platform that helps researchers and scientists to turn their data into easy-to-understand and dynamic stories, helping the audience understand the concepts better. Sign Up now to explore the library of scientific infographics.
Exclusive high quality content about effective visual communication in science.
Sign Up for Free
Try the best infographic maker and promote your research with scientifically-accurate beautiful figures
no credit card required
Sowjanya is a passionate writer and an avid reader. She holds MBA in Agribusiness Management and now is working as a content writer. She loves to play with words and hopes to make a difference in the world through her writings. Apart from writing, she is interested in reading fiction novels and doing craftwork. She also loves to travel and explore different cuisines and spend time with her family and friends.
We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy
Step-by-step research objectives writing guide, step 1: provide the major background of your research, step 2: mention several objectives from the most to least important aspects, step 3: follow your resources and do not promise too much, step 4: keep your objectives and limitations mentioned, step 5: provide action verbs and tone, helpful tips for writing research objectives.
Research objective 1: The study aims to explore the origins and evolution of the youth movements in the Flemish provinces in Belgium, namely Chiro and KSA. This research evaluates the major differences during the post-WW2 period and the social factors that created differences between the movements.
Research objective 2: This paper implements surveys and personal interviews to determine first-hand feedback from the youth members and the team leaders.
Research objective 3: Aiming to compare and contrast, this study determines the positive outcomes of the unity project work between the branches of the youth movement in Belgium, aiming for statistical data to support it.
Receive paper in 3 Hours!
Number of Pages
550 words (double spaced)
Deadline: 10 days left
By clicking "Log In", you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We'll occasionally send you account related and promo emails.
Sign Up for your FREE account
Home » Research Paper – Structure, Examples and Writing Guide
Definition:
Research Paper is a written document that presents the author’s original research, analysis, and interpretation of a specific topic or issue.
It is typically based on Empirical Evidence, and may involve qualitative or quantitative research methods, or a combination of both. The purpose of a research paper is to contribute new knowledge or insights to a particular field of study, and to demonstrate the author’s understanding of the existing literature and theories related to the topic.
The structure of a research paper typically follows a standard format, consisting of several sections that convey specific information about the research study. The following is a detailed explanation of the structure of a research paper:
The title page contains the title of the paper, the name(s) of the author(s), and the affiliation(s) of the author(s). It also includes the date of submission and possibly, the name of the journal or conference where the paper is to be published.
The abstract is a brief summary of the research paper, typically ranging from 100 to 250 words. It should include the research question, the methods used, the key findings, and the implications of the results. The abstract should be written in a concise and clear manner to allow readers to quickly grasp the essence of the research.
The introduction section of a research paper provides background information about the research problem, the research question, and the research objectives. It also outlines the significance of the research, the research gap that it aims to fill, and the approach taken to address the research question. Finally, the introduction section ends with a clear statement of the research hypothesis or research question.
The literature review section of a research paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the topic of study. It includes a critical analysis and synthesis of the literature, highlighting the key concepts, themes, and debates. The literature review should also demonstrate the research gap and how the current study seeks to address it.
The methods section of a research paper describes the research design, the sample selection, the data collection and analysis procedures, and the statistical methods used to analyze the data. This section should provide sufficient detail for other researchers to replicate the study.
The results section presents the findings of the research, using tables, graphs, and figures to illustrate the data. The findings should be presented in a clear and concise manner, with reference to the research question and hypothesis.
The discussion section of a research paper interprets the findings and discusses their implications for the research question, the literature review, and the field of study. It should also address the limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.
The conclusion section summarizes the main findings of the study, restates the research question and hypothesis, and provides a final reflection on the significance of the research.
The references section provides a list of all the sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style such as APA, MLA or Chicago.
You can write Research Paper by the following guide:
Note : The below example research paper is for illustrative purposes only and is not an actual research paper. Actual research papers may have different structures, contents, and formats depending on the field of study, research question, data collection and analysis methods, and other factors. Students should always consult with their professors or supervisors for specific guidelines and expectations for their research papers.
Research Paper Example sample for Students:
Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health among Young Adults
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of social media use on the mental health of young adults. A literature review was conducted to examine the existing research on the topic. A survey was then administered to 200 university students to collect data on their social media use, mental health status, and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. The results showed that social media use is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study also found that social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) are significant predictors of mental health problems among young adults.
Introduction: Social media has become an integral part of modern life, particularly among young adults. While social media has many benefits, including increased communication and social connectivity, it has also been associated with negative outcomes, such as addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health problems. This study aims to investigate the impact of social media use on the mental health of young adults.
Literature Review: The literature review highlights the existing research on the impact of social media use on mental health. The review shows that social media use is associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and other mental health problems. The review also identifies the factors that contribute to the negative impact of social media, including social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO.
Methods : A survey was administered to 200 university students to collect data on their social media use, mental health status, and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. The survey included questions on social media use, mental health status (measured using the DASS-21), and perceived impact of social media on their mental health. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.
Results : The results showed that social media use is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study also found that social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO are significant predictors of mental health problems among young adults.
Discussion : The study’s findings suggest that social media use has a negative impact on the mental health of young adults. The study highlights the need for interventions that address the factors contributing to the negative impact of social media, such as social comparison, cyberbullying, and FOMO.
Conclusion : In conclusion, social media use has a significant impact on the mental health of young adults. The study’s findings underscore the need for interventions that promote healthy social media use and address the negative outcomes associated with social media use. Future research can explore the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the negative impact of social media on mental health. Additionally, longitudinal studies can investigate the long-term effects of social media use on mental health.
Limitations : The study has some limitations, including the use of self-report measures and a cross-sectional design. The use of self-report measures may result in biased responses, and a cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causality.
Implications: The study’s findings have implications for mental health professionals, educators, and policymakers. Mental health professionals can use the findings to develop interventions that address the negative impact of social media use on mental health. Educators can incorporate social media literacy into their curriculum to promote healthy social media use among young adults. Policymakers can use the findings to develop policies that protect young adults from the negative outcomes associated with social media use.
References :
Appendix : The survey used in this study is provided below.
Social Media and Mental Health Survey
Thank you for your participation!
Research papers have several applications in various fields, including:
Research papers are typically written when a person has completed a research project or when they have conducted a study and have obtained data or findings that they want to share with the academic or professional community. Research papers are usually written in academic settings, such as universities, but they can also be written in professional settings, such as research organizations, government agencies, or private companies.
Here are some common situations where a person might need to write a research paper:
The purpose of a research paper is to present the results of a study or investigation in a clear, concise, and structured manner. Research papers are written to communicate new knowledge, ideas, or findings to a specific audience, such as researchers, scholars, practitioners, or policymakers. The primary purposes of a research paper are:
Research papers have several characteristics that distinguish them from other forms of academic or professional writing. Here are some common characteristics of research papers:
Research papers have many advantages, both for the individual researcher and for the broader academic and professional community. Here are some advantages of research papers:
Research papers also have some limitations that should be considered when interpreting their findings or implications. Here are some common limitations of research papers:
Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer
Ai generator.
Research objectives are specific goals or purposes that guide a study or investigation. They are clearly defined statements that outline what the researcher aims to achieve through their research . These objectives help to focus the study, provide direction, and establish the scope of the research design . They typically include the main questions or problems the research seeks to address and are essential for designing the methodology, data collection, and analysis processes. By defining research objectives , researchers can ensure their study remains on track and addresses the key issues relevant to their topic.
Research objectives are clear, specific goals that guide a study’s direction and scope. They outline what the researcher aims to achieve, helping to focus the research, design methodologies, and guide data collection and analysis. These objectives ensure the research stays on track and addresses key issues relevant to the topic.
Research objectives are crucial because they provide clear direction and focus for a study, ensuring that the research stays on track and addresses the specific goals set by the researcher. They help in the formulation of research questions and the design of the methodology, guiding data collection and analysis processes. Well-defined objectives make it easier to measure the study’s success and ensure that the findings are relevant and meaningful. They also enhance the credibility and reliability of the research by outlining a precise plan, making it easier for others to understand and replicate the study.
Descriptive objectives aim to describe the characteristics or functions of a particular phenomenon or population. These objectives focus on answering the “what” aspect of research. Example : To describe the demographic characteristics of smartphone users in the United States.
Exploratory objectives aim to explore new areas where little information is available. They seek to gain insights and familiarize the researcher with the subject area. Example : To explore the potential factors influencing consumer preferences for electric vehicles.
Explanatory objectives aim to explain the relationships or causality between variables. These objectives focus on understanding the “why” and “how” aspects of research. Example : To explain the relationship between social media usage and academic performance among college students.
Predictive objectives aim to predict the future trends, behaviors, or outcomes based on current data or trends. These objectives are used to forecast and anticipate future scenarios. Example : To predict the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity over the next decade.
Evaluative objectives aim to assess the effectiveness or impact of an intervention, program, or policy. These objectives focus on determining the success or value of something. Example : To evaluate the effectiveness of a new employee training program on job performance.
Research objectives are crucial components of any study as they define the purpose and goals of the research. Well-crafted research objectives provide clarity, direction, and focus to the study. Here are the key characteristics of research objectives:
Research objectives should be clear and precise, leaving no room for ambiguity. They should clearly state what the research intends to achieve. Example: Specific Objective: “To determine the impact of social media marketing on consumer purchasing decisions.”
Objectives should be quantifiable, allowing researchers to assess the extent to which they have been achieved. This involves using metrics or indicators that can be measured. Example: Measurable Objective: “To measure the increase in sales by 15% after implementing a social media marketing campaign.”
The objectives should be realistic and attainable within the scope and resources of the study. Setting achievable goals ensures that the research can be completed successfully. Example: Achievable Objective: “To survey 500 consumers within a three-month period to understand their social media usage patterns.”
Objectives must be relevant to the research problem and aligned with the overall purpose of the study. They should address the key issues and contribute to solving the research problem. Example: Relevant Objective: “To analyze the relationship between social media engagement and brand loyalty among teenagers.”
Objectives should have a clear timeframe within which they are to be achieved. This helps in planning and maintaining the research schedule. Example: Time-bound Objective: “To complete data collection within six months and publish findings within one year.”
1. identify the research problem.
Advantages of research objectives.
Why are research objectives important.
Research objectives provide direction and focus for the study, ensuring that the research stays on track and addresses relevant questions.
Formulate research objectives by identifying key questions your research aims to answer, ensuring they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
Research objectives outline the goals of the study, while research questions specify what the researcher aims to find out.
Yes, research objectives can be refined or adjusted as the study progresses, especially if new insights emerge.
The number of research objectives depends on the scope of the study but typically ranges from two to five.
Research objectives guide the study, while hypotheses are testable predictions derived from these objectives.
Yes, research objectives can be either qualitative, focusing on understanding phenomena, or quantitative, focusing on measuring variables.
Prioritize research objectives based on their relevance to the research problem and feasibility within the study’s constraints.
Research objectives help structure the literature review, guiding the selection of relevant studies and identifying gaps in existing research.
Research objectives determine the type of data needed and the appropriate methods for collecting this data.
Text prompt
10 Examples of Public speaking
20 Examples of Gas lighting
An official website of the United States government
The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.
The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.
Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .
Patricia farrugia.
* Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, the
† Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and the
‡ Departments of Surgery and
§ Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
There is an increasing familiarity with the principles of evidence-based medicine in the surgical community. As surgeons become more aware of the hierarchy of evidence, grades of recommendations and the principles of critical appraisal, they develop an increasing familiarity with research design. Surgeons and clinicians are looking more and more to the literature and clinical trials to guide their practice; as such, it is becoming a responsibility of the clinical research community to attempt to answer questions that are not only well thought out but also clinically relevant. The development of the research question, including a supportive hypothesis and objectives, is a necessary key step in producing clinically relevant results to be used in evidence-based practice. A well-defined and specific research question is more likely to help guide us in making decisions about study design and population and subsequently what data will be collected and analyzed. 1
In this article, we discuss important considerations in the development of a research question and hypothesis and in defining objectives for research. By the end of this article, the reader will be able to appreciate the significance of constructing a good research question and developing hypotheses and research objectives for the successful design of a research study. The following article is divided into 3 sections: research question, research hypothesis and research objectives.
Interest in a particular topic usually begins the research process, but it is the familiarity with the subject that helps define an appropriate research question for a study. 1 Questions then arise out of a perceived knowledge deficit within a subject area or field of study. 2 Indeed, Haynes suggests that it is important to know “where the boundary between current knowledge and ignorance lies.” 1 The challenge in developing an appropriate research question is in determining which clinical uncertainties could or should be studied and also rationalizing the need for their investigation.
Increasing one’s knowledge about the subject of interest can be accomplished in many ways. Appropriate methods include systematically searching the literature, in-depth interviews and focus groups with patients (and proxies) and interviews with experts in the field. In addition, awareness of current trends and technological advances can assist with the development of research questions. 2 It is imperative to understand what has been studied about a topic to date in order to further the knowledge that has been previously gathered on a topic. Indeed, some granting institutions (e.g., Canadian Institute for Health Research) encourage applicants to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence if a recent review does not already exist and preferably a pilot or feasibility study before applying for a grant for a full trial.
In-depth knowledge about a subject may generate a number of questions. It then becomes necessary to ask whether these questions can be answered through one study or if more than one study needed. 1 Additional research questions can be developed, but several basic principles should be taken into consideration. 1 All questions, primary and secondary, should be developed at the beginning and planning stages of a study. Any additional questions should never compromise the primary question because it is the primary research question that forms the basis of the hypothesis and study objectives. It must be kept in mind that within the scope of one study, the presence of a number of research questions will affect and potentially increase the complexity of both the study design and subsequent statistical analyses, not to mention the actual feasibility of answering every question. 1 A sensible strategy is to establish a single primary research question around which to focus the study plan. 3 In a study, the primary research question should be clearly stated at the end of the introduction of the grant proposal, and it usually specifies the population to be studied, the intervention to be implemented and other circumstantial factors. 4
Hulley and colleagues 2 have suggested the use of the FINER criteria in the development of a good research question ( Box 1 ). The FINER criteria highlight useful points that may increase the chances of developing a successful research project. A good research question should specify the population of interest, be of interest to the scientific community and potentially to the public, have clinical relevance and further current knowledge in the field (and of course be compliant with the standards of ethical boards and national research standards).
Feasible | ||
Interesting | ||
Novel | ||
Ethical | ||
Relevant |
Adapted with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health. 2
Whereas the FINER criteria outline the important aspects of the question in general, a useful format to use in the development of a specific research question is the PICO format — consider the population (P) of interest, the intervention (I) being studied, the comparison (C) group (or to what is the intervention being compared) and the outcome of interest (O). 3 , 5 , 6 Often timing (T) is added to PICO ( Box 2 ) — that is, “Over what time frame will the study take place?” 1 The PICOT approach helps generate a question that aids in constructing the framework of the study and subsequently in protocol development by alluding to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and identifying the groups of patients to be included. Knowing the specific population of interest, intervention (and comparator) and outcome of interest may also help the researcher identify an appropriate outcome measurement tool. 7 The more defined the population of interest, and thus the more stringent the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the greater the effect on the interpretation and subsequent applicability and generalizability of the research findings. 1 , 2 A restricted study population (and exclusion criteria) may limit bias and increase the internal validity of the study; however, this approach will limit external validity of the study and, thus, the generalizability of the findings to the practical clinical setting. Conversely, a broadly defined study population and inclusion criteria may be representative of practical clinical practice but may increase bias and reduce the internal validity of the study.
Population (patients) | ||
Intervention (for intervention studies only) | ||
Comparison group | ||
Outcome of interest | ||
Time |
A poorly devised research question may affect the choice of study design, potentially lead to futile situations and, thus, hamper the chance of determining anything of clinical significance, which will then affect the potential for publication. Without devoting appropriate resources to developing the research question, the quality of the study and subsequent results may be compromised. During the initial stages of any research study, it is therefore imperative to formulate a research question that is both clinically relevant and answerable.
The primary research question should be driven by the hypothesis rather than the data. 1 , 2 That is, the research question and hypothesis should be developed before the start of the study. This sounds intuitive; however, if we take, for example, a database of information, it is potentially possible to perform multiple statistical comparisons of groups within the database to find a statistically significant association. This could then lead one to work backward from the data and develop the “question.” This is counterintuitive to the process because the question is asked specifically to then find the answer, thus collecting data along the way (i.e., in a prospective manner). Multiple statistical testing of associations from data previously collected could potentially lead to spuriously positive findings of association through chance alone. 2 Therefore, a good hypothesis must be based on a good research question at the start of a trial and, indeed, drive data collection for the study.
The research or clinical hypothesis is developed from the research question and then the main elements of the study — sampling strategy, intervention (if applicable), comparison and outcome variables — are summarized in a form that establishes the basis for testing, statistical and ultimately clinical significance. 3 For example, in a research study comparing computer-assisted acetabular component insertion versus freehand acetabular component placement in patients in need of total hip arthroplasty, the experimental group would be computer-assisted insertion and the control/conventional group would be free-hand placement. The investigative team would first state a research hypothesis. This could be expressed as a single outcome (e.g., computer-assisted acetabular component placement leads to improved functional outcome) or potentially as a complex/composite outcome; that is, more than one outcome (e.g., computer-assisted acetabular component placement leads to both improved radiographic cup placement and improved functional outcome).
However, when formally testing statistical significance, the hypothesis should be stated as a “null” hypothesis. 2 The purpose of hypothesis testing is to make an inference about the population of interest on the basis of a random sample taken from that population. The null hypothesis for the preceding research hypothesis then would be that there is no difference in mean functional outcome between the computer-assisted insertion and free-hand placement techniques. After forming the null hypothesis, the researchers would form an alternate hypothesis stating the nature of the difference, if it should appear. The alternate hypothesis would be that there is a difference in mean functional outcome between these techniques. At the end of the study, the null hypothesis is then tested statistically. If the findings of the study are not statistically significant (i.e., there is no difference in functional outcome between the groups in a statistical sense), we cannot reject the null hypothesis, whereas if the findings were significant, we can reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternate hypothesis (i.e., there is a difference in mean functional outcome between the study groups), errors in testing notwithstanding. In other words, hypothesis testing confirms or refutes the statement that the observed findings did not occur by chance alone but rather occurred because there was a true difference in outcomes between these surgical procedures. The concept of statistical hypothesis testing is complex, and the details are beyond the scope of this article.
Another important concept inherent in hypothesis testing is whether the hypotheses will be 1-sided or 2-sided. A 2-sided hypothesis states that there is a difference between the experimental group and the control group, but it does not specify in advance the expected direction of the difference. For example, we asked whether there is there an improvement in outcomes with computer-assisted surgery or whether the outcomes worse with computer-assisted surgery. We presented a 2-sided test in the above example because we did not specify the direction of the difference. A 1-sided hypothesis states a specific direction (e.g., there is an improvement in outcomes with computer-assisted surgery). A 2-sided hypothesis should be used unless there is a good justification for using a 1-sided hypothesis. As Bland and Atlman 8 stated, “One-sided hypothesis testing should never be used as a device to make a conventionally nonsignificant difference significant.”
The research hypothesis should be stated at the beginning of the study to guide the objectives for research. Whereas the investigators may state the hypothesis as being 1-sided (there is an improvement with treatment), the study and investigators must adhere to the concept of clinical equipoise. According to this principle, a clinical (or surgical) trial is ethical only if the expert community is uncertain about the relative therapeutic merits of the experimental and control groups being evaluated. 9 It means there must exist an honest and professional disagreement among expert clinicians about the preferred treatment. 9
Designing a research hypothesis is supported by a good research question and will influence the type of research design for the study. Acting on the principles of appropriate hypothesis development, the study can then confidently proceed to the development of the research objective.
The primary objective should be coupled with the hypothesis of the study. Study objectives define the specific aims of the study and should be clearly stated in the introduction of the research protocol. 7 From our previous example and using the investigative hypothesis that there is a difference in functional outcomes between computer-assisted acetabular component placement and free-hand placement, the primary objective can be stated as follows: this study will compare the functional outcomes of computer-assisted acetabular component insertion versus free-hand placement in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Note that the study objective is an active statement about how the study is going to answer the specific research question. Objectives can (and often do) state exactly which outcome measures are going to be used within their statements. They are important because they not only help guide the development of the protocol and design of study but also play a role in sample size calculations and determining the power of the study. 7 These concepts will be discussed in other articles in this series.
From the surgeon’s point of view, it is important for the study objectives to be focused on outcomes that are important to patients and clinically relevant. For example, the most methodologically sound randomized controlled trial comparing 2 techniques of distal radial fixation would have little or no clinical impact if the primary objective was to determine the effect of treatment A as compared to treatment B on intraoperative fluoroscopy time. However, if the objective was to determine the effect of treatment A as compared to treatment B on patient functional outcome at 1 year, this would have a much more significant impact on clinical decision-making. Second, more meaningful surgeon–patient discussions could ensue, incorporating patient values and preferences with the results from this study. 6 , 7 It is the precise objective and what the investigator is trying to measure that is of clinical relevance in the practical setting.
The following is an example from the literature about the relation between the research question, hypothesis and study objectives:
Study: Warden SJ, Metcalf BR, Kiss ZS, et al. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for chronic patellar tendinopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology 2008;47:467–71.
Research question: How does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) compare with a placebo device in managing the symptoms of skeletally mature patients with patellar tendinopathy?
Research hypothesis: Pain levels are reduced in patients who receive daily active-LIPUS (treatment) for 12 weeks compared with individuals who receive inactive-LIPUS (placebo).
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of LIPUS in the management of patellar tendinopathy symptoms.
The development of the research question is the most important aspect of a research project. A research project can fail if the objectives and hypothesis are poorly focused and underdeveloped. Useful tips for surgical researchers are provided in Box 3 . Designing and developing an appropriate and relevant research question, hypothesis and objectives can be a difficult task. The critical appraisal of the research question used in a study is vital to the application of the findings to clinical practice. Focusing resources, time and dedication to these 3 very important tasks will help to guide a successful research project, influence interpretation of the results and affect future publication efforts.
FINER = feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant; PICOT = population (patients), intervention (for intervention studies only), comparison group, outcome of interest, time.
Competing interests: No funding was received in preparation of this paper. Dr. Bhandari was funded, in part, by a Canada Research Chair, McMaster University.
You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .
Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.
Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.
Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.
Original Submission Date Received: .
Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
Please let us know what you think of our products and services.
Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.
Insights from 20 years (2004–2023) of supply chain disruption research: trends and future directions based on a bibliometric analysis.
2. literature review, 3. materials and methods, 3.1. sample creation.
3.3. keyword analysis and trend.
4.2. keyword analysis and trend.
6. conclusions, supplementary materials, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
Click here to enlarge figure
Reference | Number of Papers | Period | Main Topic |
---|---|---|---|
[ ] | 101 | 2006–2019 | Supply chain resilience in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) |
[ ] | 46 | 2012–2022 | Supply chain resilience in SMEs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 517 | 2020–2022 | Trends in sustainability during and post the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 151 | 2004–2021 | Coordination issues in the return supply chain |
[ ] | 40 | 2002–2021 | Identification of key drivers for supply chain digitalization readiness |
[ ] | 35 | 2020–2022 | Resilience strategies for disruption management in healthcare supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 191 | 2019–2021 | Effects of COVID-19 on the supply chain management |
[ ] | 52 | 2017–2022 | Resilience practices in healthcare supply chain management, with a focus on purchasing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 68 | 2009–2020 | Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Supply Chain Risk Management |
[ ] | 50 | 2011–2020 | Ripple effect in supply chains |
[ ] | 50 | 2020–2021 | Supply chains under disruptions due to COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine |
[ ] | 135 | 2011–2021 | Practice and research gaps related to supply chains, and what characteristics should a supply chain have to be survivable |
[ ] | 33 | 2011–2020 | Contribution of Industry 4.0 integration into supply chains to the enhancement of resilience |
[ ] | 469 | 2020–2021 | Potential disruption-management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 87 | 2006–2021 | Impacts of additive manufacturing on the structure and dynamics of supply chains |
[ ] | 173 | 2009–2021 | Main impacts of pandemics and epidemics on food supply chains and policies that can minimize these impacts |
[ ] | 147 | 2019–2021 | How smart city solutions and technologies have contributed to enhancing resilience in cities during the COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 68 | 2019–2021 | COVID-19 impact on livestock systems and food security in developing countries |
[ ] | 62 | 2020 | Delays and disruptions to cancer health care services due to COVID-19 pandemic |
[ ] | 112 | 2020–2021 | How technology has tackled food supply chain challenges related to quality, safety, and sustainability |
[ ] | 192 | 2017–2020 | Potential of blockchain for privacy and security challenges related to supply chain disruptions |
[ ] | 32 | 2010–2020 | Impacts on the business environment of supply chains of previous epidemic outbreaks |
[ ] | 455 | 2010–2019 | Supply chain risk management: review of the existing literature and exploration of risk factors |
[ ] | 53 | 2000–2020 | Integration of lean and resilience paradigms |
[ ] | 306 | n.d.–2020 | Inventory models with multiple sourcing options |
[ ] | 2402 | 2008–2020 | Integration of sustainable supply chain management with organizational ambidexterity to manage disruptions effectively |
[ ] | 77 | 2004–2018 | Review of the methods that are currently used for mitigating supply chain disruptions |
[ ] | 1310 | 1999–2019 | Disruption risks in supply chain management |
[ ] | 55 | 2004–2018 | Use of information technology in supply chain risk management |
[ ] | 157 | 2000–2019 | How collaborations help supply chains respond and recover from a disruption |
[ ] | 93 | 2008–2015 | Review of simulation methods that deal with risks in supply chain and types of data integration employed |
[ ] | 27 | 2009–2020 | Psychological causes of panic buying |
[ ] | 94 | 2017–2019 | Resilience analytics in supply chain management and modeling of the supply chain network dependence on other networks |
[ ] | 77 | 2010–2019 | Use of machine learning algorithms for demand forecasting |
[ ] | 1625 | 2009–2018 | Analysis of the most adopted theories in supply chain management, marketing and management |
[ ] | 200 | n.d.–2017 | Multidisciplinary review about the concepts of agility and resilience |
[ ] | 54 | 2000–2018 | Analysis of resilience focusing on upstream disruptions in agricultural value chains |
[ ] | 27 | 2008–2018 | Use of blockchain in supply chain management context |
[ ] | 41 | 1997–2017 | Cyber risk management in supply chain contexts |
[ ] | 689 | 2010–2018 | Research themes on IoT and big data analytics in the field of supply chain management |
This study | 4239 | 2004–2023 | Supply chain disruptions |
2004–2008 | 2009–2013 | 2014–2018 | 2019–2023 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of keywords | 251 | 847 | 1746 | 6687 |
Average frequency | 1.63 | 1.68 | 1.87 | 2.36 |
Frequency boundary | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Number of Periods | Number of Keywords | Percentage |
---|---|---|
1 | 7251 | 88.15% |
2 | 714 | 8.68% |
3 | 192 | 2.33% |
4 | 69 | 0.84% |
From/to | Final Classification (2019–2023) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emerging/Phantom | Intermittent | Trendy | Well-Established | ||
2 (supply chain planning; quantity discount) | 10 (supply risk management; buyback contract; supply management; dynamic programming; radio frequency identification; asymmetric information; coordination mechanism; safety stock; sourcing strategy; revenue sharing contract) | 0 | 13 (service level; transportation disruption; bullwhip effect; modelling; flexibility; analytic hierarchy process; inventory management; innovation; demand disruption; global supply chain; robustness; closed loop supply chain; stochastic programming) | ||
2 (contract; Petri net) | 6 (integration; terrorism; backup supplier; empirical research; contingency planning; business continuity planning) | 1 (sourcing) | 15 (supply uncertainty; resilience; agent-based model; visibility; coordination; information sharing; supply chain risk management; dual sourcing; supply chain vulnerabilities; agility; disaster; risk assessment; vulnerability; supply chain network; logistics) | ||
0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (inventory; supply chain design) | ||
1 (security) | 0 | 0 | 17 (supply chain; purchasing; supply chain disruption; supply chain management; disruption; risk management; supply chain coordination; supply disruption; supply chain risk; simulation; disruption management; uncertainty; risk; game theory; optimization; case study; supply risk) |
The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
Solari, F.; Lysova, N.; Romagnoli, G.; Montanari, R.; Bottani, E. Insights from 20 Years (2004–2023) of Supply Chain Disruption Research: Trends and Future Directions Based on a Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 7530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177530
Solari F, Lysova N, Romagnoli G, Montanari R, Bottani E. Insights from 20 Years (2004–2023) of Supply Chain Disruption Research: Trends and Future Directions Based on a Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability . 2024; 16(17):7530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177530
Solari, Federico, Natalya Lysova, Giovanni Romagnoli, Roberto Montanari, and Eleonora Bottani. 2024. "Insights from 20 Years (2004–2023) of Supply Chain Disruption Research: Trends and Future Directions Based on a Bibliometric Analysis" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177530
Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.
Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals
Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.
Published on November 6, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 20, 2023.
A problem statement is a concise and concrete summary of the research problem you seek to address. It should:
When should you write a problem statement, step 1: contextualize the problem, step 2: show why it matters, step 3: set your aims and objectives.
Problem statement example
Frequently asked questions about problem statements.
There are various situations in which you might have to write a problem statement.
In the business world, writing a problem statement is often the first step in kicking off an improvement project. In this case, the problem statement is usually a stand-alone document.
In academic research, writing a problem statement can help you contextualize and understand the significance of your research problem. It is often several paragraphs long, and serves as the basis for your research proposal . Alternatively, it can be condensed into just a few sentences in your introduction .
A problem statement looks different depending on whether you’re dealing with a practical, real-world problem or a theoretical issue. Regardless, all problem statements follow a similar process.
Discover proofreading & editing
The problem statement should frame your research problem, giving some background on what is already known.
For practical research, focus on the concrete details of the situation:
For theoretical research, think about the scientific, social, geographical and/or historical background:
The problem statement should also address the relevance of the research. Why is it important that the problem is addressed?
Don’t worry, this doesn’t mean you have to do something groundbreaking or world-changing. It’s more important that the problem is researchable, feasible, and clearly addresses a relevant issue in your field.
Practical research is directly relevant to a specific problem that affects an organization, institution, social group, or society more broadly. To make it clear why your research problem matters, you can ask yourself:
Sometimes theoretical issues have clear practical consequences, but sometimes their relevance is less immediately obvious. To identify why the problem matters, ask:
Finally, the problem statement should frame how you intend to address the problem. Your goal here should not be to find a conclusive solution, but rather to propose more effective approaches to tackling or understanding it.
The research aim is the overall purpose of your research. It is generally written in the infinitive form:
The research objectives are the concrete steps you will take to achieve the aim:
The aims and objectives should lead directly to your research questions.
Learn how to formulate research questions
You can use these steps to write your own problem statement, like the example below.
Step 1: Contextualize the problem A family-owned shoe manufacturer has been in business in New England for several generations, employing thousands of local workers in a variety of roles, from assembly to supply-chain to customer service and retail. Employee tenure in the past always had an upward trend, with the average employee staying at the company for 10+ years. However, in the past decade, the trend has reversed, with some employees lasting only a few months, and others leaving abruptly after many years.
Step 2: Show why it matters As the perceived loyalty of their employees has long been a source of pride for the company, they employed an outside consultant firm to see why there was so much turnover. The firm focused on the new hires, concluding that a rival shoe company located in the next town offered higher hourly wages and better “perks”, such as pizza parties. They claimed this was what was leading employees to switch. However, to gain a fuller understanding of why the turnover persists even after the consultant study, in-depth qualitative research focused on long-term employees is also needed. Focusing on why established workers leave can help develop a more telling reason why turnover is so high, rather than just due to salaries. It can also potentially identify points of change or conflict in the company’s culture that may cause workers to leave.
Step 3: Set your aims and objectives This project aims to better understand why established workers choose to leave the company. Qualitative methods such as surveys and interviews will be conducted comparing the views of those who have worked 10+ years at the company and chose to stay, compared with those who chose to leave.
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
All research questions should be:
Research objectives describe what you intend your research project to accomplish.
They summarize the approach and purpose of the project and help to focus your research.
Your objectives should appear in the introduction of your research paper , at the end of your problem statement .
Your research objectives indicate how you’ll try to address your research problem and should be specific:
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
McCombes, S. & George, T. (2023, November 20). How to Write a Problem Statement | Guide & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 1, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/problem-statement/
Other students also liked, how to choose a dissertation topic | 8 steps to follow, how to define a research problem | ideas & examples, writing strong research questions | criteria & examples, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".
I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”
Examples of Specific Research Objectives: 1. "To examine the effects of rising temperatures on the yield of rice crops during the upcoming growth season.". 2. "To assess changes in rainfall patterns in major agricultural regions over the first decade of the twenty-first century (2000-2010).". 3.
Characteristics of research objectives. Research objectives must start with the word "To" because this helps readers identify the objective in the absence of headings and appropriate sectioning in research papers. 5,6. A good objective is SMART (mostly applicable to specific objectives): Specific—clear about the what, why, when, and how
Your research objectives may evolve slightly as your research progresses, but they should always line up with the research carried out and the actual content of your paper. Research aims. A distinction is often made between research objectives and research aims. A research aim typically refers to a broad statement indicating the general purpose ...
Research Aims: Examples. True to the name, research aims usually start with the wording "this research aims to…", "this research seeks to…", and so on. For example: "This research aims to explore employee experiences of digital transformation in retail HR.". "This study sets out to assess the interaction between student ...
Historical Objectives: These objectives aim to examine past events, trends, or phenomena to gain a better understanding of their significance and impact. Historical research uses archival data, documents, and records to study past events. Ethnographic Objectives: These objectives aim to understand the culture, beliefs, and practices of a ...
Research Objectives Examples in Different Fields. The application of research objectives spans various academic disciplines, each with its unique focus and methodologies. To illustrate how the objectives of the study guide a research paper across different fields, here are some research objective examples:
The objectives provide a clear direction and purpose for the study, guiding the researcher in their data collection and analysis. Here are some tips on how to write effective research objective: 1. Be clear and specific. Research objective should be written in a clear and specific manner.
In order to write effective research aims and objectives, researchers should consider all aspects of their proposed work. For example, the sample(s) to be approached for participation in the primary data collection. Identifying research objectives that are SMART is key to ensuring key aspects of the work are considered prior to any data collection.
Summary. One of the most important aspects of a thesis, dissertation or research paper is the correct formulation of the aims and objectives. This is because your aims and objectives will establish the scope, depth and direction that your research will ultimately take. An effective set of aims and objectives will give your research focus and ...
Achievable: Objectives need to be realistic and attainable within the constraints of the research project, including time, resources, and expertise. Setting achievable goals prevents frustration and ensures steady progress. Relevant: Objectives must be aligned with the research problem and the overall purpose of the study.
To develop a set of research objectives, you would then break down the various steps involved in meeting said aim. For example: This study will investigate the link between dehydration and the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in intensive care patients in Australia. To achieve this, the study objectives w ill include:
Steps for Writing Objectives in Research Paper. 1. Identify the Research Topic: Clearly define the subject or topic of your research. This will provide a broad context for developing specific research objectives. 2. Conduct a Literature Review. Review existing literature and research related to your topic.
Research objectives examples; This guide will tell you about the research objectives of a research paper. It is one of the most important aspects to make clear. ... Research objective 2: This paper implements surveys and personal interviews to determine first-hand feedback from the youth members and the team leaders. ...
A research objective is defined as a clear and concise statement of the specific goals and aims of a research study. It outlines what the researcher intends to accomplish and what they hope to learn or discover through their research. Research objectives are crucial for guiding the research process and ensuring that the study stays focused and ...
5 Examples of Research Objectives. The following examples of research objectives based on several published studies on various topics demonstrate how the research objectives are written: This study aims to find out if there is a difference in quiz scores between students exposed to direct instruction and flipped classrooms (Webb and Doman, 2016).
Definition: Research Paper is a written document that presents the author's original research, analysis, and interpretation of a specific topic or issue. It is typically based on Empirical Evidence, and may involve qualitative or quantitative research methods, or a combination of both. The purpose of a research paper is to contribute new ...
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
Once you've decided on your research objectives, you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement. Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one. Example: Verbs for research objectives I will assess … I will compare …
Here are three simple steps that you can follow to identify and write your research objectives: 1. Pinpoint the major focus of your research. The first step to writing your research objectives is to pinpoint the major focus of your research project. In this step, make sure to clearly describe what you aim to achieve through your research.
Examples of Research Objectives. To determine the impact of social media on adolescent mental health. To analyze the effectiveness of online learning platforms in primary education. To investigate the relationship between diet and cognitive function in adults. To assess customer satisfaction with a new product line.
Table of contents. Step 1: Introduce your topic. Step 2: Describe the background. Step 3: Establish your research problem. Step 4: Specify your objective (s) Step 5: Map out your paper. Research paper introduction examples. Frequently asked questions about the research paper introduction.
The development of the research question, including a supportive hypothesis and objectives, is a necessary key step in producing clinically relevant results to be used in evidence-based practice. A well-defined and specific research question is more likely to help guide us in making decisions about study design and population and subsequently ...
This paper explores the research trends in the literature about supply chain disruptions published over the last 20 years through a comprehensive review and keyword-based analysis. A sample of 4239 papers retrieved from Scopus was analyzed to identify the key themes covered and the shifts in time of those themes. The results highlight a significant rise in the number of publications on supply ...
Step 3: Set your aims and objectives. Finally, the problem statement should frame how you intend to address the problem. Your goal here should not be to find a conclusive solution, but rather to propose more effective approaches to tackling or understanding it. The research aim is the overall purpose of your research.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
The oldest boat was built in 2025 and the newest model is 2025. The starting price is $510,000, the most expensive is $510,000, and the average price of $510,000. Find 28 Seawind 1170 boats for sale near you, including boat prices, photos, and more. Locate Seawind boat dealers and find your boat at Boat Trader!
The Seawind 1170 is a 39 ft catamaran with natural ventilation, timber finishes, twin helm stations and carbon reinforced structure. It is designed for offshore cruising, self sufficiency and luxury living on the open sea.
Learn about the Seawind 1170, a 39-foot cruising catamaran with modern design, performance and comfort. Read the sea trial report, see photos and find out the features, layout and equipment of this ocean-worthy boat.
Price:-Length Overall:-Hull Form: Boat Search; Contact us; Boat Sales 619.571.3513 Lessons & Charters: 619.365.4326. Boats for Sale. ALL Catamarans; New Catamarans ... Seawind 1170 Catamaran. The popularity of the 1370 and 1260 in recent years inevitably led Seawind designers to take a look at the venerable 1160 with an eye for an update. The ...
Learn why the Seawind 1170, a 39-foot catamaran with mini keels, is ideal for shorthanded husband and wife cruising. Hear from the founder and CEO of Seawind Catamarans, Richard Ward, who shares his experience and insights on the benefits of a smaller boat for ocean passages.
The Seawind 1170 - The new standard in 40 foot class catamaran design. If you are looking for a 40 foot class catamaran with the modern lines and amenities of the Seawind 1370, but in a size that's ideal for a cruising couple who don't want or need to bring all the world's excess baggage with them, then the Seawind 1170 is for you.
View a wide selection of Seawind 1170 boats for sale in your area, ... PRICE. Country. Or use my zip code. LOCATION. LOCATION. of Zip Code. Or select country. Search Free Text Search Advanced Search. Personal Watercraft for Sale ... Seller Sail Away Catamarans Yacht Sales 35. Contact. 410-817-7030.
Find Seawind 1170 boats for sale in your area & across the world on YachtWorld. ... 2025 Seawind 1170. £388,710. Sail Away Catamarans | Edgewater, Maryland. Request Info; 2024 Seawind 1170 ... 2025 NauticStar 242L Offshore. Request price. Iconic Marine Boat Sales & Service | Washington, North Carolina. 2018 SeaVee 340Z. £250,756. SeaVee Boats ...
The Seawind 1170 is a new cruising catamaran with modern design, spacious interior and performance sails. It features two queen beds, a large saloon, a galley, a nav station and a carbon bowsprit.
The SeaWind 1170 is a 11.90-meter sailing cruising multihull with 2 cabins and a CE class A certification. Learn more about its features, price, videos and similar models on itBoat, the global platform for boaters.
Seawind 1170 for sale in Edgewater Maryland. View pictures and details of this boat or search for more Seawind boats for sale on boats.com. ... Sail Away Catamarans Yacht Sales Liberty Yacht Club & Marina . 64 Old South River Road . Edgewater, MD, 21037 United States 410-817-7030. ... This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change ...
View pictures & full details of a Catamaran built in 2025 by Seawind 1170 and available for sale. ... The overall finish of the Seawind 1170 will be consistent with a luxury world-standard yacht of this size and type. ... to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or ...
Interested in purchasing or testing a Seawind? As an authorized Seawind dealer, Sail Away Catamarans always has Seawind models available for showing and for chartering in each of
My Searches ; Watch List (0) Sign In ; Seawind Boats For Sale in Australia. Found 36 listings. New Seawind Boats For Sale; Used Seawind Boats For Sale; Seawind 1000 XL - in Survey
Did You Know That We Offer Contract to Closing Services? Click Here to Find Out More. Need Marine Financing? Apply Here With Our Partner, First Approval Source. Catamaran Intervie