sailboat mast climbing

How To: Sailboat Mast Climbing Guide

Climbing your sailboat mast can be an easy and enjoyable activity. With the right equipment and information you will successfully be able to access all exterior parts of your mast. In this guide, I will teach you how to climb your mast with confidence. As with so many activities on a boat, safety must be your top priority when climbing your mast.

Regardless of your crew situation, the equipment necessary to safely climb your mast is basically the same: two halyards, a bosun's chair, and some form of harness. You can be hoisted by crew or ascend using an ascension device. The particular equipment you choose is up to your preference and budget.

Sailors die every year from improper climbing techniques. By doing your due diligence, you will be ready to safely climb your mast. Ascending your mast is not the time for cursory preparation, so you must double up on all safety equipment. Redundancy is key. Don't put yourself in a position where a single failure of equipment could mean your death.

I have been up my sailboat mast half a dozen times and have never felt unsafe or afraid while aloft. By always following thorough safety precautions and having solid communication with my crew, I actually enjoy going up the mast. It gives me perspective of my vessel and the surrounding area that is normally out of view. I hope this guide helps you enjoy your first time climbing your sailboat mast, as well.

I am not an expert on climbing sailboat masts. I do not know the condition or quality of your equipment. It is your responsibility to ensure your safety and the safety of your crew. This is solely a guide to help you feel better informed on this topic.

Table of contents

The Crewed Climber

The most basic way to climb a mast is to have a crew member crank you up using a winch. This method requires you to have a crew member on board with the brawn and willingness to do that job. If you are lucky enough to have a beefy, willing crew member then this section is for you.

Primary Safety Equipment (w/Crew)

• Bosun's Chair
• Main Halyard

Your primary safety equipment will consist of a bosun's chair  (or equivalent) connected to a halyard. Ideally the halyard will be one that does not have a free-standing block at the top of the mast. Your main halyard will likely be your best option for your primary line.

Feed your primary line through your bosun's chairs double d-rings and secure using a bowline knot. Tying your halyard to your bosun's chair will eliminate possible failure at the halyard shackle.

Once you have tied your primary line to your bosun's chair using a bowline knot, clip the halyard shackle to the d-rings as a redundant safety measure.

Prior to using your bosun's chair, be sure to read the instruction manual for your particular model so that you are properly secured within the chair.

Secondary Safety Equipment (w/Crew)

• Secondary line

On my sailboat, my husband and I have climbing harnesses that we use as backup to our bosun's chair. A foul weather harness will work for this application as well.

Put on the harness prior to getting into the bosun's chair. Just as with the primary line, use a bowline knot to secure the second halyard to your harness. On my sailboat, I use the spinnaker halyard as my secondary line. You may have a line better suited for the job such as a removable topping lift.

Which Winch?

Now that you have your primary and secondary gear set up, it's time to deal with the working end of your primary and secondary lines.

Due to the variation in block, winch, and cleat locations from boat to boat, it is difficult to give exact directions for how to set up your lines. On board my vessel we use the main halyard as our primary line. The main halyard runs out of our lower mast, through several blocks and back to our cockpit. We run the primary line back to our starboard jib sheet winch because it is self-tailing and has two speeds. Our secondary line runs back to the port jib sheet winch.

In this method it is necessary for both winches to be self-tailing.

Whichever line you choose to use as your primary line, you will need to find as unobstructed a path as possible for that line to join with your winch. Use blocks as needed to create a chafe-free path for your primary.

Every time I have climbed our mast, my husband has been below at the winch. Even though we use a winch that is self tailing, whenever possible we have a friend tailing the primary line. This additional safety precaution prevents line slippage and a possible accident.

The Hoisting Begins

You now have your harness on with your secondary line attached and you are in the bosun's chair with the primary line attached. It's time to test the system's strength. First, have your winch handler take out any slack in the primary line while you stand with knees bent at the mast base. Have your mate cleat off the primary line. Then, test the strength of it all by bouncing a few times in the bosun's chair.

It might seem silly bouncing around in the bosun's chair just above the deck, but it sure makes me feel better knowing that I have already put more stress on the system than I will at any other point during my climb.

Feeling confident that all systems are go, your crew member will begin cranking on the winch from the cockpit. Being raised up the mast can take a while. Be sure to wear shoes and gloves so that if you decide to assist in your ascension, you don't end up with paint slivers in your hands and feet.

Your crew member will crank you up a few feet at a time or perhaps a few inches at a time, depending on their vigor. Every time they pause on the primary winch, they will pull in slack on the secondary. They must secure the primary line prior to attending to the secondary. This will ensure that if your primary fails you will only drop a short distance onto your secondary line.

Once you have reached your working point on your mast, your crew member below will cleat off both lines. Your winch handler will surely feel like it's nap time but their job isn't over yet. While you're working, be sure your crew member stays attentive in case you realize you don't have the necessary tools for the job or you are ready to descend.

I have been at the top of my mast only to realize that I need a flat head instead of a Phillips, or electrical tape, or a multimeter. It's beyond frustrating to be at the top of the mast and realize that you forgot something or don't have what you need.

To save the arms of your cranking crewmember, bring a long piece of string in the pocket of your bosons chair. If you realize you need an additional tool, you can lower the string to your crew member and they will tie on the forgotten item for you to pull up. If you happen to be particularly forgetful, it would be clever to employ a canvas bag to receive the tools.

I have found that it's difficult to see the top of my mast while sitting in the bosun's chair even when it's fully raised. I remedy this by bringing a looped piece of webbing (a sling) which I connect with a carabiner to the top of my mast. I then step into the piece of webbing which raises me high enough to see the top of the mast .

The Fun Part

One of the most enjoyable parts of climbing the mast is coming back down. The work is done and now you get to enjoy a smooth, steady descent to deck level.

It's essential that your crew member below wear gloves for this part of the job. I recommend gloves for the entire job but certainly for this bit.

From the cockpit, your crew member will uncleat the secondary line and remove that line from it's winch. Your crew member will then take the line out of the self-tailing mechanism on the primary winch while maintaining a firm grip on the line. They will slowly let out the primary line while keeping three wraps on the winch. Continue slowly releasing line until all crew are deck side.

To aid in exiting the bosun's chair I recommend descending until you are sitting on deck. The extra slack will help you remove yourself from the bosun's chair as gracefully as possible.

The Crewless Climber

Knowing how to climb your mast independently is invaluable, even if you never sail solo. Lifting an adult using a winch can be difficult, time consuming, and tiring. By having the right equipment you can climb your mast with very little to no assistance.

Primary Safety Equipment (Solo)

There are many types of products on the market to help you climb the mast. There are ladders which utilize your mainsail mast track, webbing loops raised to the mast top using the main halyard, and permanently installed mast steps. Alternatively, there are devices which attach directly to the main halyard which allows you to climb the halyard. I'm going to refer to any device that is used to climb the halyard as an "ascension device".

Regardless of the ascension device you choose, these items are essential:

• Ascension Device
• 3 Climbing Carabiners
• 2 Foot Slings

Secondary Safety Equipment (Solo)

• Secondary Line
• 1 Climbing Carabiner

Sailboats are not all rigged the same. You may find that your spinnaker halyard is your only option for the secondary line. On some vessels, the topping lift will be the best option. You will need to determine which line works best for you.

Using The Ascension Device

The ladder style ascension devices are fairly self-explanatory. If you know how to climb a ladder, you're all set. So, I will not go into their use here. In this section, I will explain how to use a rock climbing ascension device to climb your mast.

This is an example of a rock climbing ascension device:

Beth lives on board her 1983 30ft S2 sailboat with her husband, 6 year-old son, and her two fur babies. She has been sailing and boating for most of her life. Beth has been blessed to experience cruising in the Great Lakes, the Bahamas, and in Alaska. She loves to travel and adores living on her tiny boat with her family.

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• Mast Climbing: Reaching New Heights on a Sailboat

Have you ever wondered what it's like to conquer the heights of a sailboat mast? Mast climbing is an exhilarating activity that allows sailors to ascend to the top of the mast for various purposes, such as maintenance, rigging adjustments, and even taking in breathtaking views from above. In this article, we will explore the world of mast climbing, including the techniques involved, the importance of mousing lines, and the thrill of reaching the top. So, let's hoist the sails and embark on this exciting adventure!

1. Understanding Mast Climbing

1.1 the purpose of mast climbing.

Mast climbing serves several important purposes in the world of sailing. Sailors often need to access the top of the mast to perform tasks such as inspecting or repairing the rigging, installing or removing equipment, and replacing navigation lights. Additionally, mast climbing provides a unique vantage point for sailors to survey the surrounding area and appreciate the beauty of the sea.

1.2 Safety Considerations

Safety should always be the top priority when engaging in mast climbing. It is crucial to follow proper safety guidelines, including wearing a safety harness, using the correct equipment, and understanding the limitations of both yourself and the vessel. Proper training and experience are essential to ensure a safe and successful climb.

2. Essential Equipment for Mast Climbing

2.1 mast steps or climbing gear.

Mast steps are specialized footholds attached to the mast, providing a ladder-like structure for climbers. These steps are usually made of durable materials such as aluminum or stainless steel, ensuring stability and strength. Alternatively, climbers can use climbing gear, including ascenders and descenders, to safely scale the mast.

2.2 Safety Harness and Fall Arrest System

A safety harness is a vital piece of equipment that prevents climbers from falling during their ascent. It is connected to a fall arrest system, which includes a halyard and a backup line. The fall arrest system provides an additional layer of security, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries.

2.3 Gloves and Protective Gear

When climbing the mast, it is essential to wear gloves to protect your hands from abrasions and provide a better grip. Additionally, consider wearing other protective gear, such as a helmet, to safeguard yourself from potential falling objects or accidental impacts.

3. Techniques for Ascending the Mast

3.1 using mast steps.

Mast steps offer a straightforward and secure method for ascending the mast. By stepping from one foothold to another, climbers can gradually make their way up. It is essential to maintain three points of contact at all times and take breaks when needed. Climbing with a partner is also recommended for added safety.

3.2 Ascending with a Climbing System

Alternatively, climbers can utilize climbing systems, which involve the use of ascenders and descenders. Ascenders, attached to the climbing rope, allow the climber to ascend smoothly. Descenders, on the other hand, provide controlled descents. These systems require proper training and expertise to ensure a safe and efficient climb.

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing, sailing tips and destinations in our  Magazine .

4. The Role of Mousing Lines

4.1 what are mousing lines.

Mousing lines are an integral part of mast climbing. They are thin lines threaded through shackles or other fittings to secure them and prevent accidental opening. Mousing lines are typically made of strong and durable materials such as Dyneema or Spectra.

4.2 Why are Mousing Lines Important?

Mousing lines play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the rigging. They ensure that shackles or other fittings remain securely closed, even under significant load or vibration. Mousing lines prevent the accidental release of critical connections, ensuring the safety and reliability of the sailboat's rigging.

4.3 How to Properly Mouse a Line

To mouse a line, start by threading the mousing line through the hole or the eye of the shackle. Then, wrap the mousing line around the shackle multiple times, ensuring a tight and secure fit. Finally, tie off the mousing line with a secure knot, such as a bowline or a double fisherman's knot.

5. Safety Precautions During Mast Climbing

5.1 checking weather conditions.

Before embarking on a mast climb, it is essential to assess the weather conditions. Avoid climbing during storms, high winds, or rough seas, as they can significantly increase the risk of accidents. Choose a calm and stable day to ensure a safe and enjoyable climb.

5.2 Communicating with Your Crew

Maintaining effective communication with your crew is crucial during mast climbing. Before ascending, establish clear signals or a communication system to relay important information. Your crew members can assist you by providing guidance, monitoring your progress, and being prepared to act in case of an emergency.

5.3 Regular Equipment Inspections

Regularly inspecting your climbing equipment is essential for maintaining its integrity. Check for any signs of wear or damage, such as frayed ropes or corroded fittings. Replace or repair any compromised equipment promptly to ensure your safety during the climb.

6. The Thrill of Reaching the Top

6.1 awe-inspiring views.

Reaching the top of the mast offers a breathtaking panoramic view that few sailors get to experience. From the elevated vantage point, you can marvel at the vastness of the ocean, witness stunning sunsets, and even spot marine life. It's an extraordinary opportunity to connect with nature and appreciate the wonders of the sea.

6.2 Overcoming Fear and Building Confidence

Mast climbing can be an intimidating endeavor, especially for those with a fear of heights. However, conquering this fear and successfully ascending to the top can be incredibly empowering. Each climb helps build confidence, resilience, and a sense of achievement that extends beyond the world of sailing.

6.3 Cherishing Unforgettable Memories

Mast climbing creates memories that last a lifetime. The exhilaration of the climb, the camaraderie with your crew, and the awe-inspiring views all contribute to a unique and unforgettable experience. Whether you're a seasoned sailor or a novice adventurer, mast climbing offers an opportunity to create cherished moments and stories to share for years to come.

7. Conclusion

Mast climbing is a thrilling activity that allows sailors to ascend to the top of the sailboat mast. It requires proper equipment, safety precautions, and techniques to ensure a safe and enjoyable climb. Whether it's for maintenance purposes or to take in stunning views, mast climbing offers a unique perspective and a sense of accomplishment. So, hoist your sails, conquer the heights, and embark on a mast climbing adventure that will leave you with unforgettable memories.

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Mast Climbing FAQs

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How to climb the mast solo

There are several different solutions to help ease climbing aloft. some enable solo ascent, others lighten the load at the winch for the winder. sailing today tested five different systems.

With nearly 19m mast height on our Contest 42CS borrowed from Parkstone Bay Yachts , it was to be a test of the tester as much as the kit and proved a very pertinent point: however you ascend it is never easy and descent can be exhausting, too.

Topclimber 

The Topclimber was an early market entrant in 1994, borrowing from mountaineering technique with two ascender/descender rope clutches combined into a seated harness with foot straps. The principle is simple and clever. Attach the 10mm static line to a halyard, thread through the two clutches, then fix to a strong point on deck and tension it on a winch. The climber in the rigid-seated harness, with feet in straps, stands and slides the top clutch upwards, sits down, raises his/her knees and slides the lower clutch upwards. Repeat the cycle and up you go, bit by bit. Reverse the process to come down.

•  topclimber.nl
• ATN MastClimber

This features an open-sided rope clutch that fits over any halyard (claimed 6-16mm), doing away with need for a static line (although we would advise using a static line for safety reasons, and you can still use one with this).

Beyond rigging, MastClimber’s method follows exactly that of the Topclimber, but with a more structural and, in our experience, marginally less captive (when falling backward) body harness. We had the same gripe about the spiky fittings on the clutch levers.

• seateach.com

MastaClimba

• mastaclimba.com

SWI-TEC Mastlift

Swi-Tec offers a smart geared enclosed lifting system for unassisted ascending. Its drum shape and heavy mass made initial set-up fiddly and begged extra hands. Mid-assembly, you unreel a braked personal lifting line from the drum, then halyard-hoist the drum with its endless looped control handline to the top of the mast.

For safety two halyards are preferred, fastened with a bowline not a shackle. Climb into the harness or chair, attach the lifting line and start hand-over-handing the looped control line. You rise slowly and, despite the 10:1 gearing, quite painfully.

• swi-tec.com
• from c£916 (€1,10)

Kinleven ladder

It’s simple and well controlled, akin to tensioning chords in pleated curtains, gathering or releasing the glass-reinforced, 34cm-wide plastic steps with  red and green webbing. The steps have central mast track sliders to keep them in place, and you simply haul them to the masthead on a halyard.

• kinlevenmarine.com

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