autopilot for yachts

Yachting Monthly

• Digital edition

Autopilot Buyers Guide for sailing yachts

• Rupert Holmes
• September 6, 2021

Rupert Holmes looks at how to choose a suitable autopilot system for cruising yachts

There’s a bewildering array of options available for autopilot systems, which can make selecting the best for your yacht a daunting task.

Some manufacturers offer such a plethora of products covering everything from outboard-powered fishing boats to large motor yachts it can be difficult to pick out those that are ideal for sailing yachts of moderate size.

Equally, you may be able to retain some elements of your existing system, such as the drive unit and control pads, which will reduce the cost of upgrading your autopilot.

Many systems are sold as packages, which can add to the confusion.

However, these make more sense once you figure out the key items – especially the compass, 9-axis sensor or course computer – most boats will benefit from updating.

Integration with other on board electronics is an important factor if you want the autopilot to steer to a constant wind angle, or to display compass course on the instruments.

B&G’s Triton controller

Mixing autopilot brands?

While many items from different brands will talk to each other, it makes sense to limit the variety as far as possible to avoid any problems.

However, there’s usually no need for drive units to be the same brand as the remainder of the system.

These are generally fairly simple 12/24V motors that respond in the same way to the output from the course computer, without other complex electronics that need a data feed with specific protocols.

It’s always worth checking with suppliers, or directly with a manufacturer’s technical helplines, to be sure that the products you plan to buy will work together as expected.

Before going shopping, make an audit of the elements of your existing autopilot system – and what will benefit from replacement.

In many cases an autopilot system can be updated significantly without replacing the drive unit, control keypads or display units, which can make upgrading more affordable.

In most cases drive units are specified for a maximum laden displacement .

For many yachts this can easily be in excess of 20% above the boat builder’s quoted figure for light displacement.

Garmin CHC10 Remote

Many companies bundle the parts that are most likely to be needed to upgrade an existing system into packages, often at reduced prices compared to the individual components.

Garmin, for instance, calls these ‘Corepacks’ and, unlike other manufacturers, this is the prime way in which key components other than control units and drives are sold.

The GHP Reactor Mechanical Retrofit Corepack (£1,460) includes a 9-axis sensor, course computer, and the higher-spec GHC20 control display.

It’s therefore a cost-effective option offering for anyone looking to update an existing system.

Raymarine’s EV-200 Sail Pack (£2,115) consists of an EV-1 Sensor Core, ACU-200 pilot computer, p70/70s control head, plus a cabling kit.

Note: We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site, at no extra cost to you. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.

B&G’s DD15 Drive Unit is a compact and energy efficient design for yachts from 30-40ft

1. Below deck drive units

These are a key in getting good pilot performance and in maximising reliability.

Yet in many ways the physical means of moving the rudder has changed little in the past decade or two.

Whether driven directly by an electric motor, or via hydraulics, these are non-intelligent items that simply respond to the changing 12V (or 24V) outputs from the course computer.

The two key choices are between hydraulic and electric-mechanical units and between a linear or rotary drive.

Linear drives are used to connect directly to the quadrant and are the most common type, especially on relatively recent boats.

Rotary drives can drive a gear wheel where the steering system incorporates a chain drive.

Electric units are more efficient on power consumption, easier to install and cheaper than hydraulic options.

However, the latter can be more powerful, so are typically found on larger yachts.

Garmin offers a number of Linear Drives, including the Class A Mechanical Linear Drive (£1,600) for yachts up to 12,900kg loaded displacement.

The company’s Class B units include a compact model rated for 22 tons, while the standard size model will cope with 35.8 tons loaded displacement.

Similarly Raymarine’s mechanical linear drives (£1,800-2,065) are offered in three sizes for boats with displacement of up to 11,000kg, 15,000kg and 20,000kg laden displacement.

Above this a hydraulic drive will be needed.

Raymarine’s ST2000 is a basic all-in-one model for boats up to 4,500kg

2. Tiller pilots

These naturally fall into two different categories – all-in-one units that include a basic course computer, fluxgate compass, control pad and, in some cases, a one-line display.

Some can also interface with other on-board electronics.

Raymarine’s ST1000 (£525) and ST2000 (£630) are basic all-in-one models for boats up to 3,000kg and 4,500kg respectively.

They are now dated units that include only a basic fluxgate compass and limited connectivity via Raymarine’s original SeaTalk, or NMEA0183 for GPS and apparent wind data.

If you’re able to spend more there are much better options available.

Raymarine’s EV-100 Tiller Pilot is a motor-only unit for boats up to 6,000kg that can be paired to an ACU-100 course computer and EV-1 9-axis sensor.

It’s therefore capable of steering a much better course than the ST1000/2000 models, though won’t match the performance of a belowdeck system as it’s impossible to fit a rudder angle sensor.

In addition, unlike B&G’s SD10 drive there’s no automatic clutch, so switching between automatic steering and standby modes may not be a smooth operation in challenging conditions.

The EV-100 tiller pilot is priced at £1,365, packaged with an ACU-100 course computer, EV-1 sensor and cabling kit, though a control unit is still required.

While the Navico group’s products for sailing have been sold under the B&G brand for almost a decade, this isn’t true of its all-in-one tiller pilots, which are legacy products that still carry Simrad branding.

The TP10 (£470) is a basic standalone model for smaller boats, while the TP22 (£610) and TP32 (£760) models can operate in either standalone mode, or networked with wind instruments and/or separate compasses via NMEA0183 or 2000.

They are suitable for boats up to 34ft and 37ft respectively.

A neat alternative to a conventional tiller pilot

The B&G SD10 drive (£1,059) is a neat alternative to a conventional tiller pilot that uses a Bowden cable (as used for steering most RIBs) to connect a below-decks motor to the tiller.

It has two further big advantages over conventional tiller pilots.

Firstly there’s a clutch, so the pilot is always connected to the tiller and doesn’t need to be removed when returning to manual steering mode.

Secondly, it incorporates a rudder angle sensor, so offers tiller steered yachts that don’t have a quadrant all the advantages of a below decks system.

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Raymarine is the only company that now offers a wheel pilot, the EV-100 Wheel Pilot

3. Wheel autopilots

These have an on-deck motor much as for tiller pilots, making them a cost effective option with relatively easy installation.

However, unlike a below deck system, the motor unit is exposed to the elements and there’s a limit to the size and weight of a yacht that can realistically use a wheel pilot.

In addition, they generally can’t use a rudder angle sensor, so course keeping is compromised.

Raymarine is the only company that now offers a wheel pilot, the EV-100 Wheel Pilot (£665).

It produces 30Nm of thrust and is suitable for boats with a laden displacement of up to 7,500kg.

Both SeaTalkNG and NMEA2000 data protocols are supported.

It’s designed to be used with an ACU-100 course computer and EV-1 Sensor.

Outside its high-end H5000 series B&G offers two options, the NAC-2 and NAC-3

4. Course computers

This area has seen huge development and significant improvements to course keeping .

All current systems will interface with the 9-axis sensors that measure rate of yaw, pitch and heel, as well as having a built in gyro compass.

They can therefore respond to gusts and waves even before the boat has changed course.

Raymarine produces several different course computers (Autopilot Control Units, or ACU) to suit different types of boat and drive unit.

Although not all are suited to sailing yachts.

Designed to simplify use where possible, much of the set up process is automated, and there are no user-adjustable settings beyond three easy to select modes.

The latest Lighthouse II software update includes stabilisation of wind speed and angle using data from the 9-axis sensor; which means even better course keeping.

The ACU-100 (£420) is for smaller sailing yachts using the EV-100 tiller or wheel pilot.

The ACU-200 (£845) is for any vessel with one of the company’s Type 1 drive units.

It can supply up to 7A of power to the drive unit and suits most boats up to 11,000kg laden displacement.

The more powerful ACU-400 (£1,905) can supply 30A to 12V or 24V systems; capable of steering very large yachts, including those with hydraulic drive units.

In both cases the units are capable of using both Raymarine’s SeaTalkNG data protocol and NMEA2000.

Outside its high-end H5000 series B&G offers the NAC-2 (£950) and NAC-3 (£1,700).

The former provides output current of up to 8A for yachts of up to 35ft, whereas the latter is rated at 30A continuous, for larger yachts.

Garmin’s course computers are offered as part of its Core Packs.

B&G’s Rudder angle sensor

5. Essential accessories for autopilots

The choice of system elements, including rudder angle sensors, compasses – or 9-axis sensors – and control keypads or displays is determined by the brand of your pilot computer.

Note that some drive units include a rudder angle sensor.

Rudder angle sensor

Sometimes supplied with the motor; check specs when comparing prices.

• Garmin GRF10 Rudder Feedback Sensor (£199)
• Raymarine M81105 Rudder angle transducer (£265)
• B&G has four options to suit different systems (priced from £290-320)

Course sensor

All the main manufacturers now use 9-axis sensors that measure heading, rate of turn, pitch, roll and yaw, giving far greater data inputs to the course computer than gyro compasses that were the best option less than 10 years ago.

Garmin only lists this sensor in its pilot packages, but Raymarine’s EV-1 Sensor is available separately for £740, while B&G’s Precision compass is £680.

Raymarine’s EV-1 Sensor

6. Control pads and remotes 

These can add significantly to the cost of an autopilot system.

But if you ever sail short handed , then a controller at the helm and one at the companionway, allowing the boat to be conned from the shelter of the spray hood, are a minimum for any offshore yacht.

This also offers a layer of redundancy should a unit fail.

In many cases a multifunction display (MFD ) can be used to control a pilot of the same brand, though can be a lot more convoluted than using a keypad.

Remote controls are great for anyone on watch alone, but can be an expensive upgrade, especially if you need to also buy a base station to communicate with the remote.

Raymarine Smart Controller

• Raymarine Smart Controller (remote) with base station (£630)
• Raymarine S100 wireless remote with base station (£440)
• Garmin GHC10 Marine Autopilot Control Unit (£500)
• Garmin GHC20 Marine Autopilot Control Unit (£580)
• Garmin CHC10 Remote (£270)
• B&G’s Triton2 keypads (£350 each)

A Triton2 display (£530) is needed as well, but can also be used to display other data.

TECHNICAL HELP FOR AUTOPILOTS

Once you’ve outlined what you think is the best upgrade route don’t be shy about asking for help to confirm you’ve identified the best options.

Many manufacturers have both online and telephone helplines:

• raymarine.custhelp.com/app/home
• bandg.com/en-gb/contact-us-gb/

About the author

Rupert Holmes is a freelance yachting journalist with more than 85,000 miles’ experience in a wide variety of craft, including cruising and racing yachts, and significant shorthanded sailing.

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7 Best Sailboat Autopilot Systems

Essential in increasing efficiency, safety, and convenience, marine autopilots are a sailor's best friend when out there on the water. A properly operating sailboat autopilot will keep your sailboat on a selected course even in strong currents and winds and that why you need to go for the best sailboat autopilot.

Steering a sailboat is always fun. And even though many sailors are so good at it, some circumstances can make steering a boat on a straight line or the right course almost impossible. The tides, winds, and the complex hull-bottom designs can throw your sailboat off route and the adjustments that you have to make to return to course can be your voyage killers. Even if you have a crew that regularly sails with you, having an autopilot can help you stay on course and that's exactly why you need the best sailboat autopilot.

In the simplest term possible, an autopilot is an extra pair of hands that can help you in steering your sailboat on the right course. It is a self-steering device for powerboats or sailboats and even the most basic autopilot can help in holding your vessel on a pre-set compass course. Some advanced autopilots can even gather data from your boat and determine whether or not the boat is capable of handling the task in hand.

So whether you have a mechanically-steered boat or a tiller-steered sailboat, an autopilot is of great importance for both you and your boat. And it doesn't matter whether you want to explore your nearest lake for a day or want to sail to the Caribbean on your sailboat, it will make your job a lot easier, efficient, and safer. This is why we've put together this article to help you find the best sailboat autopilot. Read on and find which is best for you and your sailboat.

Table of contents

How to Choose the Best Sailboat Autopilot for Your Vessel

When it comes to choosing the best sailboat autopilot for your vessel, the easiest thing to do would be to go for an autopilot that can steer your sailboat in calm seas. However, this is not advisable since you want an autopilot that works perfectly under very demanding sea conditions. With that in mind, here are the most important things to consider when looking at the best sailboat autopilot for you. 

Speed of Helm Adjustment

The best way to measure the speed on an autopilot that's appropriate for your boat is by looking at the number of degrees per second of helm correction. As such a 40-feet boat requires 10 degrees per second, a 25-feet boat requires 15 degrees per second, and a 70-feet boat requires 5 degrees per second. 

An above-deck or below-deck Autopilot

Do you want an autopilot that's designed to be used above the deck or below the deck? Well, the most important thing is to choose an autopilot that matches the displacement of your boat. More importantly, above-deck autopilots are ideal if you have a smaller boat while below-deck autopilot is ideal if you have a larger boat.

The Steering System

What type of steering system does your boat have? It's important to understand whether your boat has rotary drives, linear drive, or hydraulic drives. 

Control Interfaces

You should choose what's perfect for you as far as the control interface is concerned because this is one of the most crucial parts of an autopilot. The best features to consider include ease of use, waterproof, intuitive display, backlit options, and compatibility with SimNet, SeaTalk, and NMEA 2000.

7 Best Sailboat Autopilots

Here are the 7 best sailboat autopilots.

Raymarine ST1000 Plus Tiller Pilot

(Best for Tiller-steered Sailboats)

The Raymarine ST100 Plus Tiller Pilot is a classic tiller pilot that's one of the best accessories for your sailboat and your everyday sailing escapades. It's designed in such a way that it can accept NMEA data while still offering accurate navigation thanks to its incredibly intelligent software.

This autopilot is designed with a backlit LCD to help you see your navigational data, locked course, and other important information that can make your sailing safer and much better. The fact that the backlit LCD works perfectly in low-light conditions is an added plus.

That's not all; the ST1000 comes with an AutoTack feature that works like an extra hand when you're engaged in other responsibilities. For example, it can tack the sailboat for you when you adjust the sails. Better still, this autopilot is fully-fitted with everything that you need to install it on your sailboat and use it.

• ‍ It's easy to use thanks to the simple six-button keypad
• It's perfect when sailing in the calm sea as well as in stormy conditions
• It is waterproof so you don't have to worry about it getting damaged
• Its intelligent software minimizes battery usage thereby prolonging its battery life
• Perfect for tiller-steered sailboats
• ‍ The 2-year warranty could be improved
• It's a bit heavier

Garmin Ghc 20 Marine Autopilot Helm Control

(Best for Night Sailing)

If you're planning to go on a voyage, chances are you'll find yourself sailing overnight. With that in mind, you should go for an autopilot that works perfectly both during the day and at night. The Garmin Ghc 20 Marine Autopilot Helm Control is your best sailboat autopilot for these types of adventure.

This amazing autopilot is designed with a 4-inch display that can improve your nighttime readability. This display is glass-bonded and comes with an anti-glare lens that is essential in preventing fog and glare in sunny conditions. This is crucial in helping you maintain control in all conditions, both during the day and at night.

This autopilot also provides a 170-degree viewing angle. This is essential in viewing the display at almost any angle. So whether you're adjusting the sails up on the deck or grabbing an extra sheet below the deck, you can be able to look at the display and see what's going on. So whether a sailing vessel or a powerboat, this autopilot is easy to use thanks to its five-button control. 

• ‍ The five-button control makes it easy to use
• Comes with a bright 4-inch display
• The display works in all conditions thanks to its glass-bonded, anti-glare lens
• The display offers optimal view both during the day and at night
• It's compatible with other Garmin products
• ‍ Only good for sailboat under 40 feet in length
• The battery life should be improved

Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot

(Best for 32-feet or less Sailboat)

For many lone sailors, going with a sailboat that measures 32-feet or less in length is always ideal. Under such scenarios, it's always best to go with a sailboat autopilot that's perfect for such types of boats, and the Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot can be a superb option for you. This autopilot is so perfect as it brings to the table a combination of advanced technological software and simplicity.

Its five-button display makes it user-friendly, easy to use, and perfect in controlling your sailboat accordingly. This autopilot has a low-power draw, which means that your battery will last longer even when used for prolonged periods. This is an excellent autopilot that's designed with the sailor in mind as it goes about its business quietly so that you can enjoy your sailing adventures without noise and interruption from a humming autopilot.

• ‍ One of the quietest sailboat autopilots
• The battery life is excellent
• It's designed with one of the most advanced software
• It's waterproof to protect it from spray and elements
• It offers precision steering and reading in all types of weather conditions
• It's easy to use and control
• ‍ Not ideal for big boats

Raymarine M81131 12 Volt Type 2 Autopilot Linear Drive

(Best for Seasonal Cruising)

For those of us who love cruising during winter when other sailors are drinking hot coffee from the comfort of their abodes, the Raymarine M81131 is the right sailboat autopilot for you. Well, this autopilot can be an ideal option if your sailboat is large enough to have a full motor system.

This autopilot is one of the most powerful in the marine industry and has an incredible electromagnetic fail-safe clutch. This autopilot is also compatible with other devices such as NMEA 2000 ABD SeaTalk navigation data. In terms of precision navigation, this autopilot will never disappoint you in any weather condition.

So whether you're looking to go ice-fishing or sailing the oceans during winter, this is your go-to autopilot.

• ‍ Offers optimal sailing experience and navigation precision
• It's very quiet
• It offers high performance with minimal battery usage
• It's great for adverse winter conditions 
• ‍ It's expensive

Furuno Navpilot 711C Autopilot System

(Best for Accuracy)

If you're looking for the best sailboat autopilot that will take your navigation to the next level in terms of accuracy, look no further than the Furuno Navpilot 711C. This is an autopilot that enhances your boat's precision as far as staying on course is concerned. This is because the autopilot is designed with a self-learning software program that offers step by step calculations of your navigation and course.

This autopilot also offers real-time dynamic adjustments so that you can steer your sailboat more accurately. Thanks to this self-learning algorithm also offers great power application that significantly reduces the manual helm effort when maneuvering various situations. Its colored graphic display is of great benefit as you can easily read the information even in low-light conditions. So it doesn't matter whether you're sailing at night or during the day, this autopilot will serve you right in any condition. 

• ‍ It's great for power and fuel efficiency
• The display is intuitive
• It's easy to set up and use
• Its power assist is essential in reducing steering system complexity
• Great for both outboard and inboard motors
• ‍ Quite expensive

Si-Tex SP120 Autopilot with Virtual Feedback

(The Most Affordable Autopilot)

If you're on a budget and looking for one of the most affordable yet reliable sailboat autopilots, look no further than the Si-Tex SP120 Autopilot. This is a perfect high-performance sailboat autopilot that can be great for small to medium-sized powerboats and sailboats.

One of the most important features that this autopilot brings to the table is the ability to offer virtual feedback. This is great in eliminating the manual rudder feedback and thereby enhances your sailboat's performance. Its splash-proof 4.3-inch LCD offers one of the best transflective displays in the marine industry. The 4-button operation makes it a lot easier to use and provides the information you need to steer your sailboat safely and perfectly.

This autopilot can be great for you if you have a small or medium-sized sailboat thanks to its ease of use. The fact that it's one of the most affordable sailboat autopilots makes it highly popular with sailors who are on a budget.

• ‍ It's simple to install and use
• The virtual feedback is great
• The display is one of the best in the game
• It's quite affordable
• ‍ It's not ideal for big boats

Garmin Reactor 40 Kicker Autopilot

(Best for Outboard Motor Boats)

If you have a motorboat that has a single-engine outboard, The Garmin Reactor 40 Kicker Autopilot can be an ideal option. This is a great autopilot that mitigates heading error and unnecessary rudder movement while offering more flexible mounting, which is essential in offering a more comfortable sailing even in the roughest of weather conditions.

This autopilot can be easily fine-tuned thanks to its throttle settings with a touch of a button. Of course, this can be useful especially when the seas are rough and you're trying to remain on course. This autopilot is also waterproof to ensure that it doesn't get damaged with spray or other elements.

With this autopilot, you're guaranteed to enjoy an awesome sailing trip even when going against the wind or when sailing in rough conditions. 

• ‍ Easy to install and use
• It's waterproof
• It's beautifully designed
• It comes with a floating handheld remote control
• It's great for maintaining heading hold and route.
• ‍ It's only ideal for motorboats with up to 20 horsepower
• It's relatively expensive

As you can see, there are plenty of options when it comes to choosing an ideal sailboat autopilot for you. The best thing about the above-described sailboat autopilots is that they're among the best and you can find one that perfectly suits your unique needs and boats. Of course, most of them are quite expensive but they will advance the way you sail and make your sailing adventures even more enjoyable. We hope that you'll find the perfect sailboat autopilot for you.

Until next time, happy sailing!

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Daniel Wade

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

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My Cruiser Life Magazine

6 Best Sailboat Autopilot Systems

Hand steering a sailboat is so much fun – until it isn’t. In actuality, it’s tiring work that requires more concentration than we can give it for very long. Racing sailboats switch helmspersons regularly, and offshore passagemakers never rely solely on hand steering. In fact, a breakdown of automatic steering is a big problem for a short-handed vessel offshore.

Sailboat autopilot come to our rescue again and again. These crewmembers don’t need sleep, food, or water, and they never complain much. So let’s take a moment to appreciate these wonders of modern technology, and credit them with what they make possible. Here’s a look at the inner workings of Otto the Pilot, including his care and feeding.

Table of Contents

What is a sailboat auto pilot how does it work, what can an autopilot do, what can’t an autopilot do, mechanical windvane, electrical sailboat autopilots, control head, computer, “black box,” or “core pack”, rudder angle sensor, other input sensors, size and displacement of your vessel, types of drive unit, functionality and integration with mfd, small boat tiller pilots, below deck autopilots, sailboat autopilot faqs, navco/b&g, simrad, lowrance.

At the most basic level, the purpose of an autopilot is to steer the boat so you don’t have to. Steering a boat is like steering a car–every bend and curve in even a straight road will set the vehicle on a new course. So while sailing, every wave will wiggle the boat around. What’s more, the boat’s designed-in weather helm tendencies will cause it to want to head up into the wind. So steering a sailboat requires constant attention and work. 

After about 30 minutes, even the best helmsmen will start to waiver. An autopilot relieves you of some of this workload. It allows you to safely stand watch at the helm for hours at a time because you don’t have to worry about every bump, wave, and wind gust blowing you off course.

Do Boats Have Autopilot?

Of course, not every boat has an autopilot. It likely doesn’t need one if the boat is designed for day sailing. Half the fun of day sailing lies in the handling of the boat–the actual sailing part! Having an autopilot might be handy, but it’s hardly a necessity.

But boats that are built to travel for hours, days, or weeks at a time need an autopilot of some sort. There are many types of autopilots out there, even some mechanical ones that require no electricity . They vary in functionality, but their basic purpose is to relieve the helmsperson of some of the work. 

With that in mind, all autopilots can perform some basic functions. No matter how basic they are, they can all hold the boat’s course and points of sale in a relatively straight line. How they accomplish this depends on their complexity and what sort of sensors or inputs the autopilot has to understand the world around it.

Advanced modern autopilots usually have three modes you can select from. They can hold a compass heading, a bearing off of the wind, or hold a GPS course to the next waypoint. 

As amazing as autopilot is and as much work as they can do for us, they have some very big limits. What can’t an autopilot do? It can never replace an able helmsperson exercising good seamanship.

What does that mean? First and foremost, it is the legal responsibility of every vessel operator to maintain a continuous lookout. This is one of the most fundamental regulations in the COLREGS – the international laws set to prevent collisions at sea. 

In other words, only a human standing watch and looking out for hazards can see and avoid those hazards. An autopilot has no sensors to understand the world around it in that way–it can’t see other ships, boats, landmasses, rocks, or markers. So if it’s holding its course and something is ahead of it, it will run right into whatever lies in its way.

Many new sailors want to know if they can sleep while the autopilot drives the boat. The autopilot will certainly keep driving the boat–but it will keep driving it forever–onto the beach, into the side of a container ship, or straight into a metal day beacon.  

Another thing that autopilots don’t know is when to stop. They keep going until the helmsman switches them into “standby” mode. Here’s a horror story that I’ve heard a few times–it’s the middle of the night, and the boat is on autopilot. The skipper needs to pee, so he walks to the stern rail and falls off. His wife awakes two hours later for her watch, only to find an empty boat that’s still steering a perfect course away from her dear darling husband. 

Now, ladies, before you get any ideas, this is supposed to be an illustrative and cautionary tale about autopilots, not marriages.

Types of Autopilot

It’s impossible to understand the role and purpose of modern autopilots without first discussing the tried and true mechanical windvane. 

The windvane is a simple item mounted to the back of the boat. Above the water is a windvane that swings to point into the wind. Through a series of linkages, it is attached to a rudder below the water–either its own rudder or attached to the boat’s rudder.

The skipper uses a line to select the direction off of the wind – using the windvane – that they wish to steer. The windvane then corrects for any changes by moving its rudder left or right. 

The windvane is pretty simple in theory and ultra-reliable. Before the days of solar and wind generators , the fact that they used no electrical power was their biggest selling point. They’re still popular with offshore sailors today, mostly because of their reliability and simplicity. While a lightning strike could take out every electrical component on your boat, it wouldn’t hurt a windvane. 

For all its plusses, the windvane has some limitations. It only works when sailing in steady winds–if you’re trying to hold your course while motoring on a windless day, it won’t do much. They are also large and bulky, mounted on the stern of the boat in a place where most coastal sailors want to have their dinghy or a nice swim step.

Electric autopilots are a technology borrowed from the powerboat world. There’s fundamentally no difference between a sailboat autopilot and one built for a powerboat.  

Above-Deck or Cockpit Autopilots

An above-deck autopilot has all of its components mounted at the helm. It’s a simple and less expensive solution popular with smaller coastal cruising boats. 

For a basic autopilot like this, an electric mechanism will turn your steering wheel or tiller. It works fine on smaller boats and in calm conditions. However, the drive units are not powerful enough to move a big boat or a boat in very rough conditions . These units are commonly called wheel pilot and tiller pilot systems.

Below-Deck or Inboard Autopilot System

The best solution, albeit the more expensive and complicated one, is the below-deck autopilot. The rudder is turned by a series of servo motors or hydraulics below decks.

The biggest advantage of most of these systems is that the autopilot usually has its own attachment to the rudder post. In the event of a steering failure, the autopilot will often still control the boat just fine.

Another advantage is that the autopilot drive motor can be sized correctly for the vessel. Hydraulic rams that produce incredible force can be mounted. These can control any vessel in any sea condition if sized correctly.

Sail Boat Auto Pilot Components

Today’s autopilots are complex electronic systems built of several components that work together to get the job done. Most advanced autopilots consist of the following parts.

• Control head
• Electronic flux-gate compass
• Black box computer or core pack
• Rudder position and other sensors

There must be some controls for the helmsperson to manipulate the helm of the boat . This is usually in the form of an instrument-sized control head that monitors and controls the autopilot system. 

The autopilot computer cannot know the compass course of the boat without having an electronic flux-gate compass. It is usually mounted somewhere in the boat far from other electromechanical systems, like a locker in the stateroom. 

The autopilot’s processor will have a central black box that receives input from its various sensors. It also directly controls the drive motor, telling it when to come on and which direction to steer with how much force.

The drive unit mounts to the rudder post of the boat. It is generally preferred that the drive attach directly to the post so that if anything on the regular steering system breaks, the autopilot will still function. In the case of an above-deck autopilot, the drive unit is usually a simple electric motor or a magnetic servo mounted to the wheel.

There are a few methods of below-deck drive that can be matched to the vessel’s existing steering system. For example, powerboats with outboards often have hydraulic steering installed. In addition, there are autopilot drive systems that you can install in line with this existing system. 

The most common type of drive on sailboats is the linear ram drive. This is a rod that pushes straight in or out. When mounted to an arm on the rudder shaft, it can turn the rudder through its full range of motion.

The ram can be powered by either an electric motor of the sailboat and gears or hydraulics. 

A position sensor is mounted on the rudder shaft to ensure that the autopilot knows the rudder’s angle. It operates an indicator on the control head. But more importantly, it helps calibrate the system to know where the center is and how much deflection is given to each side. 

The complexity of your autopilot is also dependent on how many other electronics are networked into the autopilot computer. Most marine networks now work on the NMEA2000 standard. If that’s the case, and your autopilot talks to your other instruments, you’ll likely get a few extra benefits. 

If you have an electronic wind instrument onboard, your autopilot will be able to hold a true wind angle. This is a great way to run a cruising boat and like using an old-school windvane. 

For example, you might be running a course to your destination and find it sailing downwind . Instead of risking an accidental jibe with your boat , you set up a course with the wind 160 degrees to starboard. The autopilot will hold that wind angle for you, even if the wind shifts slightly. Then, you can determine when, where, and if you need to jibe.

If your autopilot “talks” to your MFD (multi-function display), you can get even more options. If you plot a course directly to a waypoint, your autopilot can track the sailboat on that line using the “Navigation” function. Remember that it won’t know what to do when you get there, so it will likely deactivate itself. It’s just holding that pre set compass course.

Alternatively, you could program an entire route into your GPS. This series of waypoints, all located in safe water, guides you from departure to destination. Most GPS systems will communicate the turns in the route to the autopilot, allowing it to follow that pre-programmed route without you touching it. 

Picking the Best Sailboat Autopilot

Picking an autopilot for your boat is one of those big undertakings that can quickly balloon out of your control. 

Here’s my own experience installing an autopilot from scratch. I share it here not as a how-to guide but as a cautionary tale into exactly how involved a project that this can become. 

Our sailboat came with a home-built above-deck autopilot. It functioned acceptably in calm waters, but its belt drive was easily overpowered in following seas. It was also something of a hassle to activate and deactivate. So in replacing our GPS and other electronics, we knew we wanted to upgrade to something more able to handle offshore weather.

We settled on B&G electronics for our boat. The existing autopilot had a newer Raymarine control head, compass, and computer, which I hoped to reuse. I wanted to get a linear drive unit to mount below decks. 

While I could get a Raymarine linear drive that would communicate with the Raymarine computer I owned, I could not get one big enough for my boat. So a new black box was required. 

I could not find a hydraulic drive unit that would fit the dimensions of our boat. There wasn’t much space near the rudder, and most hydraulic units were big. So I settled for an electric linear drive from Raymarine, but the most powerful one. 

I then discovered there was no easy way to mount the drive unit. My rudder post did not have an arm for it, so I would have to have that built custom. Plus, there were no flat spaces in the compartment nearby where the drive could be bolted on. 

Thankfully I could mount the Raymarine linear drive at any angle. I had to build angled blocks out of solid wood, allowing the drive motor to be mounted on its side and at a 30-degree angle to the rudder post. I then had a custom-made arm built by Edson Marine with a 30-degree offset, a $600 unexpected expense. This strange and complicated arrangement was the only way I could get the drive to give full deflection of the rudder within its designed mounting limits. 

So, what began as a $1,200 project for a new drive unit ballooned into a complete replacement project with all electronics costing over $4,000, plus another $1,000 in miscellaneous parts and modifications. This is for a 38-foot sailboat and doing all the work myself. The project would have easily cost $10,000 or more had I had a boatyard do the labor. 

How did I choose which autopilot would be best? Well, there aren’t actually that many choices. While many companies make hydraulic rams, only Raymarine had electric linear drives. I already had B&G electronics, so it only made sense to buy the same for maximum compatibility. 

In the end, the system works flawlessly, and I am very happy. But it goes in the folder of boat projects I hope never to do again. So, from one sailor to another, my advice is to buy a boat that is already set up the way you like it! Most newer boats come from the factory set-up for a below-deck autopilot, so all you should ever have to do is replace the components.

The most important factor in choosing your autopilot is to size it correctly according to the boat’s displacement. This will ensure that the unit has enough power to move the rudder when it’s underway. The force needed to move the rudder is proportional to the size of the rudder and the speed at which the vessel is moving. 

For whatever type of drive unit you choose, you will be given some operating limits of what it can and cannot do. For example, Raymarine makes three versions of their mechanical linear drive. Type 1 is for boats up to 24,000 lbs, Type 2S for up to 33,000 lbs, and Type 2L for vessels up to 44,000 lbs. The arms have a stroke of 12 (S model) or 16 (L model) inches, which must accommodate the movement of your rudder from stop to stop. Finally, the physical dimensions of the drive need to fit in the space provided.

Raymarine makes about the most complete line of autopilot drives on the market today. Currently, Raymarine has five types.

• Hydraulic pumps for hydraulic steering 
• Hydraulic linear arms
• Mechanical linear arms
• Mechanical rotary motors for chain and sprocket drives
• Sterndrive actuators for boats with power-assisted steering

The drive unit you choose will be part of your overall system design. It depends on how your steering system works and how and where you’re going to plug in the autopilot drive.

If you’re installing new electronics with your autopilot, getting a unit that matches the rest of your navigation technology makes sense. If you have Garmin, stick with Garmin; likewise, Raymarine or B&G. All make good products. The benefits of having them work together flawlessly are greater than any benefit you’ll get from mixing and matching different brands.

For example, my B&G autopilot allows me to control the autopilot directly from my MFD instead of having a separate control head. This saved me some money and space at the helm since a control head would be another $500 and another instrument face to mount. It also means that I can use the big touch screen and menu system to set up the autopilot and calibrate it.

Sailboat Autopilot Reviews

When shopping for an autopilot, you may find it difficult to shop online. More often than not, suppliers will have one component you need but not another. No one keeps all of these parts in stock and available for immediate shipment. You’ll wind up piecing together your autopilot system with parts from several sources. 

More often than not, what owners need is to replace one component. For example, maybe the drive unit went bad, or their control head display died. In these cases, simply replace the same part number from whoever has the part.

If you’re replacing the entire system or all of your electronics, it may be easiest to work directly through the manufacturer or their local distributor. However, if you’re willing to shop around, you might be able to find kits and individual components through Amazon, West Marine, Defender, or other marine stores. 

Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot

The TP10 is an entry-level, easy-to-use autopilot built for boats with tillers up to 32 feet long. It mounts simply in the cockpit and has easy controls. Best of all, it’s waterproof.

• Simrad TP10 Tiller Pilot

Prices pulled from the Amazon Product Advertising API on:

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.

Raymarine ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilot

Raymarine makes a similar line of tiller pilots. This model, A12005, is for vessels weighing up to 10,000 pounds. 

• Add custom text here

Raymarine Pilot EV-400 Autopilot (No Drive Included)

For below-deck mounted systems, Raymarine makes two levels of the computer system–the EV-200 or EV-400. This is the 400, which is big boat approved and will drive their largest Type 3 mechanical or hydraulic drives. Match the correct drive unit to the size and configuration of your vessel. 

This kit also comes with the P70R, a rotary dialed controller for the helmsperson. The knob is a great feature that makes turning the boat in small increments a lot easier. 

• Precision monitoring of heading, pitch, roll, and yaw allowing the Autopilot to Evolve Instantly as Sea conditions and vessel dynamics change

Garmin Reactor 40 Corepack for Mechanical or Retrofit Autopilots

Garmin autopilot systems are based around the Reactor 40 “core pack.” Unfortunately, most of Garmin’s autopilot kits available online are designed for modern boats or those with hydraulic steerings systems. To piece together a kit for a classic sailboat with cable or Edson steering, start with this retrofit core pack directly from Garmin.

This kit includes: 

• Course computer unit
• GHC20 control head
• Electronic control unit (ECU)
• Cables and NMEA2000 connectors

B&G (Simrad) NAC-3 Core Pack and Compass

This kit includes the main computer for the Simrad family of autopilots. You can couple this with any type of drive unit. All controls for the autopilot are accomplished through the B&G Zeus or Vulcan multi-function display. If you want a dedicated control panel, they sell that as well. You may also need a rudder position sensor to make the system work.

Furuno NAVPILOT300

This is an all-in-one solution that requires fewer parts. You’ll still need a drive unit and a heading sensor to make a complete system. 

Top Brands of Sailboat Auto Pilot

As mentioned above, the big names in sailboat instruments all offer autopilot packages. If you’re only replacing the autopilot electronics, keeping everything the same brand makes sense. However, if you’re replacing everything, you have bigger choices to make. 

Garmin applies the lessons they learned by making several generations of aircraft autopilots. Their systems integrate much more than a simple flux-gate compass–their autopilots are built with a full-fledged AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System).

Using this Autopilot Compatibility Guide , you can figure out which Garmin autopilot is right for you.

Navco is the parent company of three different electronics brands–B&G, Simrad, and Lowrance. That’s a perk because you can mix and match components between the three names at will. B&G is the favored brand for sailboats. The B&G NAC-2 and NAC-3 autopilot computers are the basic start for the typical cruising yacht. High-end racers and luxury boats will want to look into the fancier H5000 autopilot system. 

Simrad sells a line of basic tiller pilots for above-deck autopilot installs on small boats.

Raymarine is one of the older and most trusted brands in marine electronics. Their autopilots are robust and come in any arrangement you like. In addition, they have one of the only above-deck wheel-drive autopilot systems on the market, the EV-100 SAIL. They also have tiller pilots and a complete lineup of below-deck options.

Furuno is an underdog in the recreational marine industry – favored by professionals but often overlooked by the private boat owner. Their autopilot NAVPILOT offerings are adaptive controllers designed to make boat handling easier. Most are designed for outboard hydraulic-steer fishing boats, but their control heads and computers will work with almost any type of setup.

How much does a sailboat autopilot cost?

The cost and complexity of an autopilot system depend on the size of the boat. Small tiller-steered daysailors can usually at a tiller pilot for less than $1000. 

A below-deck autopilot, with all of the components to make it work with your multi-function display, will set most owners back $4,000 or $6,000. In addition, if the boat does not already have a below-deck autopilot, there may be quite a bit of labor necessary to build platforms or brackets to adapt the drive unit to the rudder post.

Do sailing yachts have autopilot?

Yes, most sailboats larger than daysailers have autopilots. These vary in complexity from mechanical windvanes to extensive electronic systems that tie into the boat’s GPS and multi-function displays.

Can you sleep while your boat is on autopilot?

A good autopilot will steer a boat for you, on a constant heading or wind angle, through nearly any conditions. However, it cannot ensure that you don’t hit anything–like another vessel. It is illegal to operate a vessel without a “proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate…to make a full appraisal of the situation and or the risk of collision” (COLREGS Rule 5).

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

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How to Choose the Right Marine Autopilot: 5 Factors (2023)

Choosing an autopilot system for your marine vessel can be a daunting task, given the variety of options available on the market.

The quality of your boating experience can be greatly enhanced with the right choice.

If you’re unsure about how to select the best option tailored to your specific needs, this blog will undoubtedly be of assistance.

We’ll delve into the key considerations to help you make an informed decision.

Regardless of whether you have a powerboat, a sailboat, or even a fishing boat, this guide will be beneficial to you.

Notably, even for the most experienced seafarer, choosing the right autopilot involves careful thinking about several factors.

How To Choose The Right Marine Autopilot: 5 Factors

Choosing the right marine autopilot depends on factors such as the size and type of your boat, the usual weather and sea conditions you navigate in, and the complexity of the system you prefer. Additionally, consider the reliability of the manufacturer and the cost of the system including installation and maintenance. Ultimately, the right autopilot not only eases navigation but also enhances safety on the water.

While the aforementioned factors are critical in making an informed decision on the appropriate marine autopilot, the complexities of navigating marine vessels make it necessary to delve deeper into this subject.

We will also cover topics such as understanding how different autopilot systems function and how to troubleshoot common issues.

We will additionally provide tips on how to ensure that your chosen system integrates smoothly with your other onboard equipment, and how to properly maintain your autopilot to ensure it offers lasting service and safety.

These insights are not to be missed and will prove invaluable, especially for those new to marine autopilots.

Understanding Marine Autopilots: An Overview

Learning about marine autopilots is imperative for anyone involved in boating. These ingenious pieces of technology assist with the navigational tasks essential for any journey on the water.

What is a Marine Autopilot?

A marine autopilot is a device designed to automate the steering of a vessel. Its primary function is to free the helmsman from manually keeping to a course, especially during long journeys on the open sea.

This system uses sensors to detect any deviation from the pre-set course and returns the vessel to its desired path, reducing the effect of external factors like wind and current.

Interestingly, they were first used on ships as far back as the early 20th century , but their technology has evolved and improved tremendously since then.

Thus, a marine autopilot greatly eases the task of navigation, especially in challenging conditions or over long distances. It makes the helmsman’s job much easier and more manageable by maintaining a steady course without any manual input.

Moreover, it allows the helmsman to focus on other critical aspects of navigation and sea-going, such as monitoring the radar or chart plotting.

Parts of a Marine Autopilot

A marine autopilot system generally consists of three major components : a heading sensor, a computer/controller, and a drive mechanism.

The heading sensor , often a fluxgate compass, detects the vessel’s current heading while the computer/controller interprets these readings, compares them to the desired course, and sends signals to the drive mechanism.

Finally, the drive mechanism applies the correct force to the steering system to correct the course. The sophistication and complexity of these components can significantly vary depending on the brand and model of the marine autopilot.

A marine autopilot system generally consists of three major components: a heading sensor, a computer/controller, and a drive mechanism.

The workings of these components may seem complex, but the main takeaway is that a marine autopilot effectively takes over the helm to maintain a pre-set course.

Its widespread usage in both commercial and recreational boating testifies to its effectiveness, and with advances in technology, the marine autopilot continues to evolve.

To better understand these complexities, spending some time to watch the following video is worthwhile:

You will gain insightful information about marine autopilots works. Plus, it provides visual demonstrations to enhance your understanding.

Steps to Choose the Right Marine Autopilot

Choosing the right marine autopilot for your watercraft involves making an informed decision that takes into account several crucial factors.

You should first familiarise yourself with different types of marine autopilots available in the market.

Understand Your Specific Needs

Based on your needs, the right autopilot could either be a basic system or an advanced setup with sophisticated features like station-keeping or virtual anchoring.

You should also consider how frequently you plan to use the autopilot and for what purpose, whether it is for short recreational boating trips or for longer, more challenging journeys.

The last mentioned is an essential step when choosing a marine autopilot, because the more you will rely on an autopilot system for navigation, the more important it is to select a system that is reliable and robust.

Explore Different Manufacturers

It is also important to explore different manufacturers and their offerings before making your selection.

This is because manufacturers have varied expertise in designing autopilot systems, and exploring a wide range of providers can help ensure a greater chance of finding the best one for your needs.

Consider Costs and After-sale Support

Another consideration is the costs associated with the purchase , installation, and after-sale support of the autopilot system.

These costs may vary significantly depending upon the complexity of the system , the manufacturer you choose, and local market conditions.

It is always a good idea to factor in these costs when choosing an autopilot, as a very expensive system may not necessarily be the best choice for your specific needs and budget.

In fact, this is a crucial factor to consider, especially if you anticipate needing help with the installation or maintenance of your system down the line.

In sum, choosing the right marine autopilot involves a careful consideration of your specific needs and operating conditions, exploration of different manufacturers and their offerings, and taking into account costs and after-sale support. As long as these steps are followed, one can make an informed decision that ensures a smooth and enjoyable boating experience.

Importance of Boat Type and Size

The type and size of your boat has a fundamental impact on the choice of marine autopilot.

Autopilot for Different Boat Types

For instance, a smaller sailboat or powerboat may only require a relatively simple, tiller or wheel-based autopilot system.

On the other hand, larger yachts or commercial vessels may require sophisticated autopilot systems with advanced features such as course computer control or rudder reference units.

A sailing vessel, for instance, which operates under sail power, may also need a special type of autopilot that can handle the unique steering dynamics presented by sailing.

Boat Size and Autopilot Strength

The size of the boat also affects the strength and kind of the autopilot system .

For larger vessels, greater thurst capacity and more rudder control are needed which demand more powerful autopilot systems.

Furthermore, the size impacts on the kind of installation and configuration of the autopilot.

Regardless of boat type or size, the key takeaway here is that the marine autopilot must be appropriate for your vessel and your specific needs and conditions.

When selecting a marine autopilot, it’s crucial to note that the type and size of your boat heavily influence your choice. Different kinds of boats have different handling characteristics, resistance properties, and power requirements, all of which can steer your selection of an autopilot system.

The shape, weight, and length of your boat, for example, can affect how the autopilot system interacts with the vessel. In general, larger, heavier boats require more robust systems than smaller, lighter boats. The design of the boat can also affect the installation process and the system’s efficiency.

Picking Autopilot for Different Boat Types

Different boat types will require different autopilot systems. 

For instance, sailing boats will require an autopilot that can handle regular course changes due to wind shifts. 

Powerboats may demand systems adept at handling higher speeds and changes in trim.

The selection will also vary depending on whether the boat is a displacement hull or a planing hull type.  

Displacement hull boats usually need autopilots that are proficient at handling both slow and high speeds.

Conversely, planing hull boats often require autopilots that can efficiently deal with the vessel’s propensity to porpoise or oscillate at high speeds.

This quote underlines the fact that the nature of your boat – its size, type, and design – significantly affects the effectiveness of different autopilot systems. Understanding your boat’s specific requirements helps ensure you select an autopilot that can meet them.

Considering Boat Size

Regarding size, both the length and weight of your boat will influence your choice of autopilot. 

Larger, heavier boats will need more robust, powerful systems capable of controlling the vessel effectively. 

For smaller boats, such autopilot systems might be overkill, resulting in an unnecessarily high purchase, installation, and maintenance cost.

By watching the embedded video, you can observe how varying boat types and sizes interact with different autopilot systems. 

You’ll also learn practical tips on how to select the right marine autopilot for your particular vessel.

Ultimately, the type and size of your boat play a pivotal role in determining which marine autopilot system will serve you best. 

Having a thorough understanding of your vessel and its requirements will go a long way in helping you make an informed choice that enhances your boating experience. 

Remember that the right autopilot system can greatly simplify operations, improve safety, and increase your enjoyment out on the water.

The Role of Usual Weather and Sea Conditions in Autopilot Selection

In the process of choosing a marine autopilot , understanding the role of usual weather and sea conditions becomes critical.

It is indeed a significant factor that significantly influences the selection process.

Usual Weather Conditions

One must consider the typical weather conditions in the area where the vessel will primarily be used.

For instance, areas prone to stormy weather or high winds require an autopilot capable of maintaining a course despite such conditions.

On the contrary, for relatively calm weather conditions, a basic marine autopilot may suffice.

Remember, a marine autopilot must be robust and reliable enough to withstand the typical weather conditions of your cruising area.

In essence, the usual weather conditions should guide the mariner towards an autopilot designed to cope with such exigencies.

A marine autopilot must be robust and reliable enough to withstand the typical weather conditions of your cruising area.

This statement emphasises on the necessity of having an autopilot system that can effectively function in the space it is intended for.

The durability of the marine autopilot in the face of these weather disturbances is vital to the safety and productivity of each trip.

Thus, it’s never a compromise but a necessity to consider the common weather conditions when selecting a marine autopilot.

Sea Conditions

Similarly, the boat owner should also assess the normal sea conditions where the vessel will be used often.

Sea conditions include factors like wave height, water currents, and the presence of obstacles on the waterway.

Marine autopilots designed for serene lake conditions might fail when ran in rugged offshore domains.

Therefore, the chosen autopilot should be expertly tuned to detect and respond adequately to varying sea conditions.

In short, the more challenging the sea conditions, the more sophisticated and advanced the marine autopilot should be.

The chosen autopilot should be expertly tuned to detect and respond adequately to varying sea conditions.

Here, the notion of adaptive capabilities of the marine autopilot in relation to expected sea conditions is highlighted.

Not only should it withstand these conditions, but also accurately interpret and navigate them.

In conclusion, selecting a marine autopilot based on the usual weather and sea conditions will contribute to an effective and safe boating experience.

Levels of System Complexity: Simple vs Advanced Autopilots

Autopilots provide a range of functionality that varies considerably depending on the level of system complexity. 

This refers to the difference between simple and advanced autopilots . While simple systems might offer basic steering functions, the more advanced versions extend much further than that.

Simple autopilot systems work by turning the steering wheel or tiller to keep the compass heading constant.

Essentially, they minimize the workload on the skipper by maintaining a predetermined course. 

But complexity is often synonymous with increased capabilities , and this holds in the case of autopilots as well.

Advanced autopilots do more than just steer the boat. 

With an array of sensors, they read and understand the sea conditions and accordingly adjust the boat’s course. 

This means they operate intelligently instead of just following a preset course. 

They also have the ability to integrate with other onboard systems , significantly increasing their utility.

Advanced autopilots do more than just steer the boat. With an array of sensors, they read and understand the sea conditions and accordingly adjust the boat’s course.

Indeed, a high-end autopilot system can incorporate wind direction, GPS position, and other factors in steering the boat – proving to be an invaluable asset for single-handed sailors or those on long voyages. 

It’s possible with these sophisticated systems, to even set waypoints which allow the autopilot to navigate to specific coordinates.

Pros and Cons of Simple vs Advanced Autopilots

While advanced systems provide greater functionality, they also come with greater cost – not only on the price tag but also in terms of installation and maintenance . 

On the other hand, simple autopilot systems are usually more affordable and easier to install – being an excellent choice for those who primarily need an extra hand in steering during short voyages or calm weather conditions.

The decision between a simple and advanced autopilot ultimately boils down to the user’s needs. 

For instance, those who frequently embark on long voyages or are navigating challenging waters might consider a more advanced system worth the investment. On the other hand, for boaters who only require the basics, a simple system could be more than adequate.

The decision between a simple and advanced autopilot ultimately boils down to the user’s needs.

In summary, the choice between simple and advanced autopilots is largely a matter of personal requirements and budgetary considerations . 

Whether you find a simple system sufficient or require an advanced system for complex voyages, always consider the preliminary and ongoing costs against the benefits. 

It’s essential, regardless of complexity, to choose an autopilot that is reliable, safe, and enhances your overall boating experience.

Manufacturer Credibility: How Reliable is Your Autopilot Provider?

When you’re investing in a marine autopilot, the credibility of the manufacturer plays a critical role in the reliability and performance of the product .

Not all autopilot manufacturers are created equal. Some have been in the marine industry for several decades while others are relatively new entries.

The history, reputation, and longevity of the manufacturer in the market often indicates their expertise and level of innovation in developing marine autopilots.

A manufacturer with an extensive history often has a wide range of products, catering to varying boat sizes and types.

Moreover, they have a comprehensive understanding of the ever-changing marine conditions and have product features that accommodate these changes.

A reputable manufacturer will also offer excellent customer service , with readily available advice, upkeep, and repair of their products.

They will also provide extensive warranties, an indication of their confidence in product performance.

This is crucial as the wide range of products implies that they have a solution for every boat type and size, offering a customized solution tailored to individual needs.

Shoddy manufacturers, on the other hand, may offer lower prices but compromise on the quality of materials and construction.

Product Reviews

One of the best ways to understand the credibility of a manufacturer is to look at product reviews from customers.

Online forums, e-commerce sites with user reviews, and blogs dedicated to marine products can often provide valuable insights into the functionality and reliability of an autopilot unit.

Reviewers’ experiences can give you a practical understanding of how the autopilot system stands up to the various challenges posed by marine conditions, and how well the customer support of the manufacturer responds to issues.

Industry Recognition

Awards and recognitions by the marine industry are another good parameter to understand the credibility of the manufacturer.

A manufacturer who has received industry awards for innovation, design, or functionality depicts their commitment to quality and advanced technology.

This commitment to quality often translates into a reliable and high-performing autopilot system.

As you can see, choosing a manufacturer with a strong reputation and industry recognition can provide more assurance that your boat’s autopilot system will be reliable and well-supported. Doing due diligence on the manufacturer’s credibility is a key step in choosing the right marine autopilot.

Total Costs Involved: Purchase, Installation, and Maintenance

When considering the purchase of a marine autopilot , it is essential to take into account the total costs that will be involved in the process.

This includes the initial purchase cost of the equipment, its installation fees , and the running maintenance expenses .

The Purchase Cost

The price of a marine autopilot varies greatly depending on its complexity, the brand, and its features.

Essential models can cost a few hundred dollars, while sophisticated, high-tech models intended for larger vessels can go up to a few thousand dollars.

Usually, the investment in the hardware represents a substantial portion of the total cost.

Opting for a more expensive model often comes with advanced features that can make navigation safer and more comfortable, representing a good value for money.

However, balancing one’s budget and the desired level of convenience and safety is a critical step when choosing an autopilot.

Installation Costs

The installation of a marine autopilot can be a complex task, especially for advanced models.

While some experienced boaters might be able to handle the installation on their own, most will need to hire a professional.

Doing so implies an additional cost to the overall spending.

A correctly installed marine autopilot system can work efficiently for long durations, minimizing future maintenance needs

So, from this perspective, hiring a professional for installation might prove to be a sound investment.

Maintenance Expenses

The third significant aspect of the total cost of ownership of a marine autopilot is its ongoing maintenance, repairs, and update costs .

These costs will vary depending on the use you give to your boat, and the conditions it typically operates in.

Having a routine maintenance plan and sticking to it will ensure the long-term functionality of the system and prevent untimely and unwanted breakdowns.

In addition, a well-maintained system is more likely to have a higher resale value, if you decide to upgrade or sell your boat in the future.

Thus, proper maintenance is not just a cost; it’s a way of ensuring that your investment continues to work optimally and retains its value.

This video will give you a deeper understanding of the issues related to maritime security. 

It could also provide additional insights into marine systems, indirectly helping you make an educated choice for your autopilot system.

You will also get to know more about MTSA and MARSEC, major elements of maritime safety, and how they interact with maritime equipment.

Safety Aspects to Consider When Choosing a Marine Autopilot

When choosing a marine autopilot, safety should be one of the principal aspects influencing your decision.

Safety Features

High-end marine autopilot systems come equipped with unique safety features designed to protect both your boat and personnel onboard.

These might include collision avoidance systems, which can detect other vessels or obstructions in the water and automatically alter the boat’s course to avoid them.

Other features may include alarm systems that alert the crew about deviations from the charted course or unexpected water conditions.

It further demonstrates the importance of advanced technology in enhancing security onboard. In essence, these features can significantly reduce the risk of mishaps and accidents.

Therefore, scrutinizing the available safety features should be a priority when choosing a marine autopilot system.

Reliability

Another essential safety consideration is the reliability of your marine autopilot.

In critical conditions, you want to ensure your system will continue to function effectively.

A reliable system should maintain excellent performance in all weather conditions, provide consistent accuracy, and prevent system failure at crucial moments.

Systems designed with redundant features thus provide an additional layer of safety, ensuring the system runs smoothly even with a single point failure.

In the face of a robust and unpredictable marine environment, ensuring the reliability and resilience of your autopilot system is key. As such, a system with built-in redundancy can be a wise investment for safety.

This again reinforces the importance of choosing a high-quality product from a reputable manufacturer.

Installation and Maintenance

Proper installation and regular maintenance are also vital safety considerations for your marine autopilot.

An improperly installed system may not work as intended, potentially causing hazardous situations.

Similarly, lack of regular maintenance might lead to system failures or deteriorated performance.

A regular maintenance routine can increase the lifespan of the system and prevent dangerous malfunctions.

Ensuring that your system is correctly installed and well-maintained will guarantee optimal performance and maximize your return on investment.

It’s vital to be aware that safety with marine autopilots goes beyond just purchasing a system with sophisticated safety features. It involves active engagement with the system and proper maintenance.

User-Friendly Interface

To fully harness the safety features of a marine autopilot, a user-friendly interface is vital.

Such an interface allows for easy system monitoring and navigation, thresholds setting for alerts and alarms, and swift reaction to any abnormal developments.

In this realm, some systems may have sponsor-specified data interfaces , which allow for integrations with other ship systems, enhancing vessel-wide safety.

These additional capabilities underscore the importance of choosing a marine autopilot that can interact with other onboard systems and enhance overall safety measures.

For safety’s sake, it’s worth taking the extra time to choose a marine autopilot system that features a user-friendly interface compatible with your crew’s skills and your vessel’s other systems.

How Does an Autopilot Enhance the Boating Experience?

If you’re a mariner, carter of yachts, or professional boater, you may have wondered how installing an autopilot system can enhance your boating experience .

The Relief of Manual Steering

The first crucial benefit of marine autopilots is the profound relief from continuous manual steering .

An autopilot provides the convenience of keeping your boat on a predetermined course without needing as much physical guidance.

By doing so, it allows the crew to focus on other important tasks that await them.

In essence, a good autopilot can serve as a reliable, indefatigable additional crew member.

The first crucial benefit of marine autopilots is the profound relief from continuous manual steering.

This aspect is paramount in cases of long expeditions, where staying at the helm for extended periods causes inevitable fatigue.

Nothing beats the comfort of being able to relax whilst your boat safely sails in the intended direction.

Efficient Navigation and Fuel Saving

Adding to the relief from constant manual guidance is the fact that autopilots make navigation more efficient and fuel-saving .

Unlike human helmsmen, autopilots do not zigzag. They follow the exact set course, thus saving fuel and making trips less time-consuming.

More so, modern marine autopilots can ferry boats through tricky sea phenomena such as cross currents and heavy winds with precision, thanks to their advanced gyroscopic sensors.

They also have the functionality to integrate with other top-notch navigational tools to aid in collision avoidance and route planning.

Adding to the relief from constant manual guidance is the fact that autopilots make navigation more efficient and fuel-saving.

These efficiencies may result in substantial fuel cost savings over time, a vital factor to consider for full-time seafarers.

Additionally, accurate navigation enhances safety as autopilots reduce the chances of adverse incidents due to human errors.

Comfort and Convenience

The comfort and convenience offered by marine autopilots cannot be overstated.

Once set, autopilots handle the technical aspects of operating a vessel allowing you to enjoy the voyage and the sea’s beauty.

Passengers can also get a more serene and tranquil experience as manual steering causes more hull movements resulting in disturbances.

Quality marine autopilots also feature user-friendly interfaces and controls, making them easy to operate for the boating enthusiast and professional seafarer alike.

Indeed, the peace of mind that comes with knowing the boat is in good hands, combined with reduced physical labor, contributes to an enhanced boating experience.

Therefore, investing in a marine autopilot system is a wise decision for any boater.

If you want to see how seamlessly marine autopilots can blend in a boating experience, this video is for you.

In the video, you can see how autopilots can give you more control and confidence in navigating your yacht, even in challenging sea conditions.

Marine autopilots are crucial devices that handle the monotonous task of steering boats for long hours, allowing sailors to focus on other essential tasks.

They are automated guidance systems that expose the vessel in the right direction without human interaction.

These systems stand critical for vessels that spend extended hours on water, such as fishing boats, yachts, and commercial ships.

The primary aim of an autopilot is to reduce the physical and mental exhaustion of the crew, thereby enhancing safety and efficiency.

Some autopilots also integrate with other navigation systems, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), to provide course control based on pre-set waypoints.

These tools not just improve navigation precision but also reduce fuel consumption and decrease travel time.

Therefore, understanding marine autopilots is a vital component of proficient boating.

Consider Your Vessel

An ideal autopilot system will significantly depend on the boat’s type and dimensions.

Models rated for small vessels won’t hold up well in larger boats due to multiple factors like heavier steering loads or complicated mechanisms.

Consider the weight, length and steering method of your vessel while opting for an autopilot.

Factor in Usual Weather and Sea Conditions

Marine conditions can significantly impact the performance of marine autopilots.

Rugged seas require more steering corrections, thus needing a more sophisticated system.

On the other hand, sailing in calm waters does not demand an advanced autopilot.

Understanding your usual sailing conditions will guide you towards the right autopilot for your vessel.

Also, those frequently sailing in rough seas may want to consider an autopilot with top-notch route controls and navigation features.

Weather conditions and water currents play a crucial role in choosing marine autopilot.

Persistent high winds need an autopilot capable of making quick corrections to keep the boat on course.

A highly responsive marine autopilot system is needed for sailing in turbulent waters, ensuring that the vessel stays on course amidst waves and winds.

Similarly, boats running in aggressive sea conditions require sturdy, high-performance systems that can endure the marine environment’s strain.

Therefore, it becomes highly vital to consider an autopilot’s ability to cope with varying weather conditions during the selection process.

After all, the right autopilot not only ensures the boats’ safe and efficient operation but also enhances the overall sailing experience.

The Bottom Line

Navigating the vast seas can become less challenging with the right marine autopilot system.

Whether you own a small boat or a massive yacht, selecting an appropriate autopilot system greatly depends on the boat’s specificities, usual weather, and sea conditions.

Understanding the complexities of an autopilot system, coupled with the manufacturer’s credibility, directly affects its performance, reliability, and overall user experience.

While upfront costs might seem daunting, considering long-term expenses including installation and maintenance are essential for a smart purchase.

Keeping safety paramount, an advanced autopilot system will not only assist with navigation but will ultimately transform your boating experience.

Lastly, remember that every potential question or concern you may have about selecting the ideal marine autopilot might already have a detailed answer in an FAQ section; never shy away from inquiring and expanding your knowledge.

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Installing an Autopilot: A step-by-step guide

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Rick Channon makes solo boating simple with a his step-by-step guide to installing a Raymarine Evolution Autopilot

When I wrote an article a couple of years ago about my annual boating costs, I remember closing the piece with the caveat that my expenses excluded upgrades and toys, as these were discretionary spends. As if to prove the point, this year’s winter projects alone have exceeded my usual total annual spend – but they’ve all been by choice rather than necessity.

I blame the weather. A long grey winter meant I needed a project to cheer me up. Just to reinforce the situation, my boat, Greyfin , was laid up for the winter in a magnificent position with glorious views over Mylor Marina in Cornwall, which encouraged me to spend far too much time in the cockpit, drinking cups of coffee and dreaming up jobs to do.

Very often, they are jobs I can do myself, like adapting the galley with extra cupboards or modifying the helm seat to flip up. This year though, it was going to involve a significant upgrade to the nav equipment, with new and rearranged instrumentation underpinned by the addition of an autopilot system – and that’s work that sits squarely outside my capabilities.

The rationale for getting an autopilot was to assist me as a single-handed boater. I like to potter along, taking in the sights and sounds but if I’m doing that for two hours straight, clinging to the wheel can get a bit tedious. Although I live in a popular Cornish boating location, I’m often the only one out and there is very little to avoid or alter course for – in other words, ideal autopilot country! I could just let the system take care of the steering while I focused on navigation, scenery and comfort.

Billy of BT Marine gets the project under way

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Picking my autopilot.

The first job was to engage Billy, an electrical engineer who runs BT Marine in Falmouth. He did a quick survey to ensure that it was a viable project on my boat with accessible cable runs and suitable locations to fix the hardware.

Greyfin is an 8m Beneteau Antares with a single shaftdrive and rudder. It has hydraulic wheel steering, aided by a pump and a steering cylinder to make light work of moving the rudder. It was a thumbs up from Billy, who selected the appropriate components for my boat, and also suggested a reputable hydraulic engineer to ‘plumb in’ the new system.

I chose a Raymarine Evolution Autopilot because it would integrate seamlessly with my existing Raymarine equipment – but I was surprised by how much kit was in the box! Firstly, there is the display screen or Control Head to be fitted at the helm station.

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Behind the scenes, there is also a Sensor Core, the ‘brains’ of the system, which sends commands to all other components. It’s essentially a clever 3D compass, acting gyroscopically, cleaning up data and allowing for the boat’s pitch, roll and yaw, so it can take account of different sea conditions without overreacting. Then there is the Actuator Control Unit, which interfaces with the existing SeaTalk network on Greyfin and acts as the power supply to the drive unit.

The fourth and final component is the drive unit, which in my case is the Hydraulic Pump. That would get connected to my existing steering cylinder and ultimately the rudder. Critically, these last three components were selected specifically for my boat’s size, type and speed.

New couplings fitted to existing steering hoses

Fitting the components

Apart from the Control Head, which was fitted at the helm, all other components were mounted on the forward bulkhead in the lazarette. The Sensor Core needed to be located away from other equipment like pumps and electric motors, as well as big lumps of metal, such as the engine, which might interfere with the compass.

Fortunately, Greyfin ’s lazarette allows for a fairly simple wiring run back to the Control Head and chartplotter and also to the fuse board, which is located within easy reach, behind a hatch at the helm.

The new system was linked to the chartplotter via the SeaTalk network, allowing the autopilot to tap into the plotter’s navigational functionality, using stored routes and waypoints. Although following a course is not a priority for my particular type of boating, it would be if planning a long passage.

Neat hydraulic drive unit for the autopilot

With all the hardware in, it was time to call in the services of the hydraulic engineer to connect the new pump. They measured up the runs and made up hoses and connectors off site. My system now had to be drained before new couplings were fitted to my existing hoses at the steering cylinder, where the new hoses would link in. The system was then refilled with hydraulic oil, before being bled and tested. With no hint of a leak, the system was good to go.

The final bit of onshore work was for Billy to run through the dockside set-up using the software wizard. This calibrates the system, accounting for the type of drive and factoring in the rudder travel limits and the hard-over timing from lock to lock. With all the professional jobs completed, it was time to launch Greyfin and complete the final set-up on the water.

The basic user set-up was simple. You simply select your responsiveness, boat type, typical speed and display options and then allow the system to automatically run a compass linearisation process to compensate for any local magnetic variations. And there it is. Job done.

Raymarine autopilot actuator control box

Was it worth it?

I’ve been using the autopilot for a few months now and I already find it invaluable. I use it at some point on every single trip I undertake.

It keeps a far straighter course than I can and it does so without over-correcting the rudder. Admittedly, I have a tendency to overuse it now. In fact, I’m continually tempted to leave the helm. But having just done an RYA powerboat course, where keeping your hands on the wheel and throttle are drummed into you, I’m able to resist – for now!

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• Navigating the Seas with Ease: A Comprehensive Guide to Boat Autopilots

Imagine sailing across the open sea, your boat gliding smoothly over the waves while you sit back and enjoy the journey. This is made possible by boat autopilots, an essential tool for modern mariners. But what exactly is a boat autopilot? In simple terms, it's an electronic system that automatically steers your boat, maintaining a set course without constant manual input.

Types of Boat Autopilots

Raymarine autopilots.

Raymarine is a leading brand known for its reliable and innovative autopilots. These systems are designed for various types of boats, from small vessels to large yachts.

• Advanced Navigation : Integrates seamlessly with other navigation systems.
• User-Friendly Interface : Easy to operate, even for those new to boating technology.
• Reliability : Built to withstand harsh marine environments.

Popular models include:

• Raymarine EV-100 : Ideal for smaller boats.
• Raymarine EV-200 : Suitable for mid-sized vessels.
• Raymarine EV-400 : Designed for larger boats and yachts.

Garmin Autopilots

Garmin autopilots are renowned for their advanced features and integration capabilities. They are popular among boaters who seek high performance and ease of use.

• Integration : Works seamlessly with Garmin chartplotters.
• Advanced Steering Algorithms : Ensure precise and efficient course keeping.
• Ease of Use : Intuitive controls and clear displays.
• Garmin Reactor 40 : Suitable for a variety of boats.
• Garmin GHP 20 : A top choice for larger vessels.
• Garmin GHP Compact Reactor : Perfect for smaller boats.

Tiller Pilots

Tiller pilots are specifically designed for smaller boats with tiller steering. They offer a simple yet effective way to maintain course without constant manual input.

• Compact Design : Fits easily on small boats.
• Ease of Use : Simple controls that are easy to understand and operate.
• Durability : Built to last in marine environments.
• Raymarine ST1000+ : Reliable and easy to use.
• Simrad TP10 : Great performance at an affordable price.
• Navico TP32 : Known for its robustness and precision.

Choosing the Right Autopilot for Your Boat

When choosing an autopilot, consider the size and type of your boat, your usual boating conditions, and your budget. Larger boats require more powerful systems, while smaller boats can use compact, less expensive models. Both Raymarine and Garmin offer excellent products, but your choice might depend on the specific features you need, such as integration with other equipment or specific steering algorithms. Autopilot systems can vary widely in price. While it’s tempting to opt for the cheapest option, investing in a reliable system from a reputable brand like Raymarine or Garmin can save money and hassle in the long run.

Benefits of Using Autopilots on Boats

Autopilots enhance safety by allowing you to maintain a steady course while you focus on navigation and monitoring your surroundings. These systems provide precise course keeping, reducing the risk of navigation errors. By taking over the steering, autopilots reduce the physical and mental fatigue that comes with long periods at the helm.

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Installation process.

• Plan the Installation : Determine the best location for the control unit and other components.
• Mount the Hardware : Securely mount the control unit, drive unit, and other components.
• Connect the System : Connect the autopilot to the boat's power supply and other systems.
• Calibrate the Autopilot : Follow the manufacturer's instructions to calibrate the system.

Installation can present challenges such as finding the right mounting location or dealing with wiring issues. Consulting the manual and seeking professional help if needed can ensure a successful setup.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Regular maintenance includes:

• Inspecting Regularly : Check all components for wear and tear.
• Cleaning Components : Keep the sensors and control unit clean.
• Updating Software : Ensure your autopilot’s software is up to date.

Common issues include calibration errors and connectivity problems. Regular maintenance and following troubleshooting guides can resolve most problems.

Advanced Features in Modern Autopilots

Modern autopilots can integrate with chartplotters, radars, and other marine electronics for a seamless navigation experience. Users can adjust settings to suit their preferences and specific boating conditions. Some systems offer remote control and monitoring capabilities, allowing you to manage your autopilot from anywhere on the boat.

Autopilots for Different Boat Sizes

Large sailboats.

Large sailboats require powerful autopilot systems capable of handling the vessel's size and sailing conditions. Recommended models include Raymarine EV-400 and Garmin GHP 20.

Small Boats and Tiller Pilots

Ensure the system is correctly calibrated and regularly maintained for optimal performance. Suitable models include Raymarine ST1000+ and Simrad TP10.

In conclusion, boat autopilots like those from Raymarine and Garmin offer incredible benefits, from enhanced safety to reduced fatigue. Whether you have a large sailboat or a small tiller-steered vessel, there's an autopilot system that can make your boating experience more enjoyable and stress-free. Investing in a reliable autopilot system can save you time, effort, and enhance your overall boating experience.

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Denisa Kliner Nguyenová